Behavioral patterns in collaborative problem solving: a latent profile analysis based on response times and actions in PISA 2015

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for the indicators

Variable	M	Variance	Min	Max	Skewness	Kurtosis	Correlations
Variable	M	Variance	Min	Max	Skewness	Kurtosis	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. C100Q01T	11.80	0.09	10.94	13.82	0.71	1.17
2. C100Q01A	14.49	65.50	1	234	9.31	190.68	.30**
3. C100Q02T	11.24	0.09	9.31	14.68	1.31	12.90	.63**	.25**
4. C100Q02A	8.68	9.91	1	229	11.23	507.89	.15**	.42**	.24**
5. C100Q03T	11.19	0.11	9.71	13.06	-0.81	2.11	.42**	− .03	.44**	.03*
6. C100Q03A	16.50	40.55	1	120	1.69	7.63	− .03	.27**	− .04	.24**	.21**
7. C100Q04T	10.25	0.20	8.05	13.14	-0.27	0.77	.32**	− .12**	.37**	− .05	.37**	− .19**
8. C100Q04A	5.18	2.83	0	100	8.25	294.82	.06	.18**	.07	.55**	.02	.09**	.22**

Note. T denotes the response time (with natural log transformation); A indicates the number of actions; each number before T or A means the order of the part (e.g., C100Q01T = the response time indicator in Part 1)
*p < .05. **p < .01