Table 3 Items comprising the construct of students’ difficulties in learning after the disruption (items were taken from two questions)

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about how you felt during the COVID-19 disruption? (0=Strongly disagree;1=Disagree;2=Agree;3=Strongly agree)

 I was more motivated to learn when school reopened than at any other time.

IS1G27A*

 I found it hard to concentrate during class time.

IS1G27D

 I felt that I had fallen behind in my learning compared to other students.

IS1G27E

 I had to complete more assessments than usual.

IS1G27F

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your school experiences after the [COVID-19 disruption]? (0=Strongly disagree;1=Disagree;2=Agree;3=Strongly agree)

 My teachers went over the work we did during the [COVID-19 disruption].

IS1G28B*

 We rushed through a lot of new schoolwork.

IS1G28C

 Extra tuition was available to catch up on schoolwork.

IS1G28G*