An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 4 Trend estimates in country means and their linking errors for the PISA Trend from 2006 to 2009 in reading
cnt | Estimate | Linking Error LE | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | D2 | D4 | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | D2 | D4 | |
AUS | 4.8 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 8.6 | 2.0 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 4.6 |
AUT | − 15.9* | − 15.5* | − 9.2 | − 10.9 | − 6.0 | − 8.5 | 7.7 | 9.6 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 6.2 | 7.8 |
BEL | 7.0 | 11.7 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
CAN | 2.8 | 4.4 | − 2.8 | − 3.8 | − 0.6 | − 3.8 | 11.5 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 3.0 | 6.7 |
CHE | 6.5 | 11.4 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 12.2 | 2.8 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
CHL | 15.5* | 6.9 | − 7.7 | − 13.7 | 5.9 | − 6.3 | 18.9 | 20.2 | 10.9 | 22.7 | 11.9 | 19.1 |
CZE | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 6.8 | 10.0 | 6.8 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 5.3 |
DEU | 4.6 | 15.9* | 11.4 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 6.3 | 17.3 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 5.7 |
DNK | 0.5 | − 1.5 | 1.4 | − 5.4 | 0.1 | − 5.7 | 7.8 | 14.5 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 6.7 | 10.0 |
ESP | 24.7* | 23.7* | 6.5 | 2.4 | 9.4 | 1.7 | 10.8 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 10.2 |
EST | 10.2 | 11.6 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 17.7 | 14.5 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 11.2 |
FIN | − 9.3* | − 3.3 | − 6.2 | − 4.6 | − 6.3 | − 10.6 | 10.4 | 16.8 | 14.8 | 26.8 | 5.2 | 10.5 |
FRA | 7.7 | 9.5 | − 0.5 | − 3.9 | 3.4 | − 3.9 | 9.5 | 8.1 | 14.1 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 4.5 |
GBR | 5.1 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 12.8 | 6.0 | 10.9 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 8.0 | 4.1 |
GRC | 33.8* | 22.0 | 11.1 | 12.3 | 19.0 | 12.3 | 7.2 | 8.6 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 9.5 |
HUN | 17.7* | 16.1 | 9.6 | − 0.5 | 9.9 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 3.5 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 8.0 |
IRL | − 12.6 | − 16.0 | − 18.2 | − 21.7 | − 15.2 | − 21.7 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 8.3 | 11.9 | 6.0 | 11.9 |
ISL | 16.0* | 17.5* | 4.1 | 2.3 | 12.4 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
ISR | 38.0* | 33.8* | 20.2* | 16.4 | 29.5* | 16.4* | 8.6 | 8.4 | 10.8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 7.1 |
ITA | 24.1* | 21.4* | 12.9* | 12.6* | 21.0* | 12.6* | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 11.9 | 6.0 | 11.9 |
JPN | 22.0* | 14.1 | 15.1 | 10.2 | 14.5 | 8.8 | 15.5 | 11.7 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 4.5 | 9.4 |
KOR | − 12.6* | − 15.3* | − 10.8 | − 11.5 | − 1.4 | − 4.5 | 13.5 | 8.1 | 11.0 | 9.8 | 6.3 | 5.7 |
LUX | 2.1 | 7.4 | − 7.6 | − 7.2 | 0.6 | − 5.3 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 14.9 | 12.1 | 15.1 |
MEX | 20.9* | 24.2* | 3.7 | 1.3 | 15.4* | 1.3 | 12.5 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 8.2 | 13.2 | 8.2 |
NLD | 3.1 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 22.3 | 20.4 | 4.0 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 5.9 |
NOR | 21.2* | 23.0* | 20.8* | 16.8 | 27.6* | 24.6* | 10.8 | 15.2 | 9.0 | 14.1 | 8.3 | 9.0 |
POL | 3.6 | − 1.5 | 3.8 | − 2.8 | 1.8 | − 2.8 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 8.5 | 11.9 |
PRT | 21.7* | 19.9 | 12.0 | 6.6 | 18.4 | 6.6 | 10.7 | 25.9 | 9.3 | 12.6 | 6.5 | 12.6 |
SWE | − 5.1 | 5.3 | − 7.0 | 1.7 | 9.9 | 1.7 | 10.2 | 15.3 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 6.6 |
TUR | 33.3* | 26.0* | 16.4* | 20.4 | 27.8* | 20.4 | 11.7 | 24.7 | 8.7 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 17.0 |