Skip to main content
Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Fig. 3 | Large-scale Assessments in Education

Fig. 3

From: Comparing different trend estimation approaches in country means and standard deviations in international large-scale assessment studies

Fig. 3

Schematic representation of the six linking methods in the simulation study. Double arrows indicate linking approaches, while single arrows correspond to a fixed item parameter scaling in which item parameters were fixed at the international metric. The gray rectangle without a label corresponds to link items, while the white rectangle without a label corresponds to unique items

Back to article page