Skip to main content
Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 7 Country-by-Country Tests of Measurement Invariance

From: Measuring student well-being in adolescence: proposal of a five-factor integrative model based on PISA 2018 survey data

Country

Invar

ARE

BGR

ESP

GEO

HKG

IRL

MEX

PAN

SRB

  

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

CFI(RMSEA)

ARE

Config metric scalar

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

BGR

Config metric scalar

0.943 (0.057)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.018 (0.007)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

ESP

Config metric scalar

0.942(0.053)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.027 (0.010)

0.948 (0.053)

 <0 .001 (0.001)

0.015 (0.006)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

GEO

Config Metric Scalar

0.941 (0.053)

0.006 (<0 .001)

0.030 (0.010)

0.951 (0.051)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.034 (0.014)

0.946 (0.049)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.057 (0.019)

–

–

–

–

–

–

HKG

Config Metric Scalar

0.946 (0.053)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.012 (0.004)

0.953 (0.052)

0.003 (0.001)

0.014 (0.006)

0.951 (0.049)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.015 (0.006)

0.953 (0.048)

0.004 (0.001)

0.056 (0.021)

–

–

–

–

–

IRL

Config Metric Scalar

0.917 (0.063)

0.001 (0.001)

0.011 (0.002)

0.929 (0.062)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.034 (0.011)

0.921 (0.059)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.039 (0.011)

0.923 (0.058)

0.004 (<0 .001)

0.051 (0.015)

0.929 (0.058)

0.004 (< 0.001)

0.023 (0.007)

–

–

–

–

MEX

Config Metric Scalar

0.917 (0.063)

0.001 (<0 .001)

0.011 (0.002)

0.939 (0.059)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.023 (0.009)

0.934 (0.057)

0.001 (0.001)

0.041 (0.014)

0.936 (0.056)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.040 (0.013)

0.940 (0.056)

0.005 (0.001)

0.041 (0.014)

0.911 (0.065)

0.004 (<0 .001)

0.035 (0.010)

–

–

–

PAN

Config Metric Scalar

0.922 (0.061)

0.006 (0.001)

0.017 (0.005)

0.934 (0.059)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.022 (0.007)

0.926 (0.058)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.035 (0.010)

0.930 (0.056)

0.001 (0.001)

0.032 (0.010)

0.934 (0.056)

0.004 (0.001)

0.039 (0.013)

0.902 (0.066)

0.004 (<0 .000)

0.033 (0.008)

0.917 (0.063)

0.002 (0.001)

0.005 (< 0.001)

–

–

SRB

Config Metric Scalar

0.944 (0.055)

0.002 (< 0.001)

0.015 (0.006)

0.952 (0.053)

0.001 (0.001)

0.015 (0.006)

0.949 (0.051)

0.001 (<0 .001)

0.027 (0.010)

0.951 (0.049)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.027 (0.010)

0.954 (0.050)

0.003 (0.001)

0.022 (0.009)

0.927 (0.060)

0.003 (< 0.001)

0.028 (0.007)

0.938 (0.057)

0.002 (<0 .001)

0.022 (0.008)

0.933 (0.058)

0.003 (<0 .001)

0.019 (0.006)

–

  1. ARE united arab emirates, BGR  Bulgaria, ESP spain, GEO georgia, HKG Hong Kong, IRL Ireland, MEX  Mexico, PAN Panama, SRB Serbia, CF  CFI, RM  RMSEA metric and scalar tests reflect the CFI and RMSEA estimates, Invar invariance; bold and underlined results reflect level of sequentially passed tests
Back to article page