Measuring student well-being in adolescence: proposal of a five-factor integrative model based on PISA 2018 survey data

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Discriminant and concurrent validity for the uni- and bi-dimensional life-satisfaction models

Models	1a. Uni-Dimensional	1b. Bi-Dimensional
Items/criteria	Satisfaction with life factor	Satisfaction with general life factor	Satisfaction with school factor
Discriminant validity: item-factor loadings and reliability
(i) Item-factor loadings > .50	Pass	Pass	Pass
(ii) Alpha	0.89	0.86	0.82
(iii) Discriminant validity: HTMT_.85
Satisfaction with Life	1.00	1.00	–
Satisfaction with School	–	0.785	1.00
(iv) Discriminant validity: AVE
AVE > .50	0.460	0.467	0.601
(v) AVE-SV Criterion (shared variance matrix)
	AVE	0.467	0.601
Satisfaction with Life	0.467	1.00	–
Satisfaction with School	0.601	0.659	1.00
Concurrent validity
Factor correlation w/OLS (L and U 95% CI)	0.445***	0.430*** (0.417, 0.443)	0.409*** (0.397, 0.422)

OLS overall life-satisfaction scale; failure to meet the AVE-SV criteria emboldened and underlined; all estimates are standardized unless otherwise stated;
*p < .0.5
**p < .0.01
***p < .0.001