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Table 2 Simulated Web Search Tool Action Labels by Subconstruct Categories
Alignment to Inquiry Subconstructs | Description | Action Label | Mean Frequency (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
Plan Search | Student constructs or revises their search terms or consults reference materials to generate a query for the search task | Construct Search | 8.4% (3.6%) |
View Reference Materials | 9.5% (8.9%) | ||
Locate Information | Student submits a search by pressing search button | Run Search | 10% (4.2%) |
View Previous Search | 5% (3.1%) | ||
Search results are displayed. Results were coded in terms of their task relevance. Completely off-topic results automatically triggered a search term hint | Results (High-relevance; i.e., two useful websites appear in list) | 13.2% (6.7%) | |
Results (Medium-relevance, i.e., one useful website appears in list) | 9.6% (7.1%) | ||
Results (Low-relevance, i.e., no useful websites appear in list) | 11.2% (7.1%) | ||
Off-topic Results | 6.6% (4.7%) | ||
Sources (i.e., websites and image results) were coded in terms of their task relevance and reliability | View Source (High-quality, i.e., highly relevant and highly reliable) | 4.7% (2.7%) | |
View Source (Medium-quality, i.e., partially relevant and mixed reliability) | 4.5% (2.8%) | ||
View Source (Low-quality, i.e., tangentially relevant, and low reliability) | 7.4% (4%) | ||
Evaluate Sources | Websites were evaluated by students in terms of Usefulness and Trustworthiness | Evaluate (High-quality, i.e., student rates source as high usefulness and trustworthiness) | 5.7% (3.7%) |
Evaluate (Mixed-quality, i.e., student ratings of usefulness and trustworthiness are mixed) | 5.0% (3.3%) | ||
Evaluate (Low-quality, i.e., student rates source as low usefulness and trustworthiness) | 4.4% (2.9%) | ||
Evaluate (No Rating) | 3.6% (3.3%) | ||
Interface actions | Start and End Session; these states aid in interpretation of strategies | Start Session | 6.4% (5.4%) |
Finish Session | 5.9% (4.6%) | ||
Specific help actions triggered by the system if students appear to be off-task | Timer Alert (i.e., system warns students they have 5Â min left to search) | 4.7% (4.4%) | |
Key Source Resetting (i.e., system provides students with relevant resource) | 4.6% (3.8%) | ||
Search Term Hint (i.e., system provides students with suggested search terms) | 6.2% (4.1%) | ||
Students can ask for help and receive instructions about using the interface | Help (i.e., students can press a button to access contextual help menu) | 5.7% (5.6%) | |
Pauses between actions | Between 2.5 and 10Â s | Short Pause | 18.9% (7.6%) |
Between 10 and 30Â s | Medium Pause | 12.2% (5.5%) | |
Greater than 30Â s | Long Pause | 8.6% (5.1%) |