Skip to main content

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 5 Full model parameter estimates, from 2007 to 2017

From: The relationship between students’ socio-demographics and the probability of grade repetition in Brazilian primary education: is it decreasing over time?

Year

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

Fixed Part

Est

S.E

Est

S.E

Est

S.E

Est

S.E

Est

S.E

Est

S.E

Constant

− 2.524

0.060

− 2.301

0.058

− 2.652

0.069

− 2.097

0.080

− 2.133

0.084

− 1.881

0.093

Female

0.453

0.004

0.437

0.003

0.482

0.004

0.481

0.004

0.559

0.004

0.553

0.004

Pardo

− 0.160

0.004

− 0.156

0.004

− 0.104

0.004

− 0.086

0.005

− 0.054

0.005

− 0.007

0.005

Black

− 0.383

0.006

− 0.302

0.006

− 0.296

0.007

− 0.277

0.007

− 0.290

0.008

− 0.300

0.008

Yellow

− 0.273

0.011

− 0.244

0.011

− 0.217

0.013

− 0.190

0.013

− 0.204

0.014

− 0.147

0.015

Indigenous

− 0.201

0.010

− 0.197

0.009

− 0.172

0.012

− 0.139

0.012

− 0.132

0.013

− 0.145

0.014

Student SES

0.194

0.002

0.194

0.002

0.179

0.002

0.134

0.002

0.132

0.002

0.126

0.002

zReading

0.518

0.004

0.465

0.004

0.513

0.004

0.540

0.005

0.546

0.005

0.584

0.005

zMaths

0.379

0.004

0.406

0.004

0.502

0.004

0.510

0.005

0.501

0.005

0.565

0.005

zReadingPardo

− 0.060

0.006

− 0.035

0.005

− 0.017

0.005

− 0.004

0.007

− 0.007

0.006

− 0.005

0.007

zReadingBlack

− 0.128

0.008

− 0.095

0.008

− 0.081

0.009

− 0.075

0.010

− 0.066

0.009

− 0.060

0.010

zReadingYellow

− 0.034

0.014

− 0.032

0.015

− 0.027

0.018

− 0.076

0.020

− 0.006

0.018

− 0.002

0.019

zReadingIndigenos

− 0.036

0.013

− 0.043

0.013

− 0.011

0.016

0.013

0.018

− 0.007

0.018

− 0.001

0.019

zMathsPardo

− 0.048

0.006

− 0.045

0.005

− 0.052

0.005

− 0.045

0.006

− 0.040

0.006

− 0.060

0.007

zMathsBlack

− 0.124

0.008

− 0.102

0.008

− 0.121

0.009

− 0.111

0.010

− 0.105

0.010

− 0.123

0.010

zMathsYellow

− 0.037

0.014

− 0.064

0.015

− 0.034

0.018

0.018

0.019

− 0.017

0.018

− 0.068

0.019

zMathsIndigenous

− 0.033

0.013

− 0.048

0.013

− 0.056

0.016

− 0.039

0.018

− 0.007

0.018

− 0.059

0.020

School SES

0.109

0.008

0.064

0.007

0.048

0.008

0.005

0.009

− 0.004

0.009

− 0.085

0.010

Prop approval

2.169

0.041

2.118

0.041

2.600

0.050

2.614

0.057

2.915

0.055

3.311

0.065

Random part

 

 State

0.044

0.013

0.044

0.013

0.050

0.014

0.074

0.021

0.091

0.026

0.106

0.030

 Municipality

0.110

0.003

0.106

0.003

0.169

0.004

0.149

0.005

0.161

0.005

0.147

0.005

 School

0.133

0.002

0.142

0.002

0.153

0.002

0.144

0.002

0.136

0.002

0.153

0.003

 Student

1.000

0.000

1.000

0.000

1.000

0.000

1.000

0.000

1.000

0.000

1.000

0.000

  1. Source: own calculation