The effect of the COVID-19 disruption on the gender gap in students’ performance: a cross-country analysis

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 4 Channel variables mean values—differences between boys and girls

Variable		Total Sample			Russian Federation			Slovenia			United Arab Emirates			Uzbekistan
Variable		Boys	Girls	p-value	Boys	Girls	p-value	Boys	Girls	p-value	Boys	Girls	p-value	Boys	Girls	p-value
SUP	parent_sup	0.333	0.327	ns	0.322	0.296	ns	0.379	0.406	ns	0.350	0.348	ns	0.375	0.401	ns
	gen_sup	0.673	0.684	ns	0.671	0.681	ns	0.622	0.696	***	0.563	0.629	***	0.675	0.684	ns
	teach_sup	3.058	3.029	*	2.949	2.885	***	2.940	2.947	ns	3.197	3.186	ns	3.300	3.380	***
PSY	anxiety	2.712	2.791	***	2.603	2.744	***	2.603	2.746	***	2.837	2.962	***	3.010	2.914	**
	worry_learn	2.844	2.974	***	2.742	2.926	***	2.605	2.893	***	2.956	3.073	***	3.124	3.098	ns
	worry_future	2.771	2.913	***	2.649	2.838	***	2.525	2.776	***	2.911	3.033	***	3.095	3.108	ns
FAM	safe_home	2.896	2.798	***	2.942	2.837	*	2.642	2.749	**	2.767	2.730	ns	2.790	2.670	**
FAM	happy_home	2.796	2.622	**	2.999	2.824	***	2.942	2.879	ns	2.782	2.609	***	2.248	2.038	***
PHY	outdoor	2.836	2.675	***	2.857	2.751	***	2.642	2.547	**	2.642	2.383	***	2.816	2.540	***
	exercise	2.827	2.660	***	2.683	2.518	***	2.775	2.810	ns	2.958	2.776	***	3.227	3.048	***
	fit	3.157	2.956	***	3.108	2.857	***	2.959	2.942	ns	2.832	2.651	***	3.356	3.278	*
RES	private_pc	0.552	0.496	***	0.616	0.519	***	0.716	0.670	**	0.826	0.814	ns	0.357	0.402	*
	internet	0.855	0.855	ns	0.860	0.872	ns	0.904	0.913	ns	0.919	0.914	ns	0.810	0.789	ns
	quiet_space	0.826	0.830	ns	0.838	0.827	ns	0.755	0.798	**	0.689	0.693	ns	0.791	0.848	***
ICT	ict_gen	3.072	2.742	***	3.411	3.080	***	3.510	3.023	***	3.024	2.728	***	2.185	1.821	***
ICT	ict_school	2.250	2.005	***	2.432	2.114	***	2.839	2.232	***	2.326	2.170	**	1.774	1.684	**

***Indicates significance at the 1% level, ** at the 5% level, * at the 10% level and ns: non-significant p-value. P-values refer to the Adjusted Wald test for equal means between boys and girls. Results are adjusted for survey setting with 75 Jackknife replications and 43 number of strata