An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 4 Alternative measures of the “parental education” component of socio-economic status
From: The measure of socio-economic status in PISA: a review and some suggested improvements
Original measure (PARED) | Alternative 1 (PARED1) | Alternative 2 (PARED2) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Conversion of ISCED to years of education | National | International | International |
Filter on secondary education | No | No | Yes |
Validity (country-level evidence) | |||
Pearson correlation between implied share of tertiary-educated fathers and tertiary-educated 35–54-year-olds | 0.777 | 0.777 | 0.782 |
Pearson correlation between implied share of tertiary-educated mothers and tertiary-educated 35–54-year-olds | 0.858 | 0.858 | 0.864 |
Pearson correlation between share of students in the international top quintile of PARED and the share of students in the international top quintile of HOMEPOS | 0.413 | 0.571 | 0.579 |
Pearson correlation between share of students in the international bottom quintile of PARED and the share of students in the international bottom quintile of HOMEPOS | 0.682 | 0.679 | 0.699 |
Student-level comparisons with original | |||
Number of non-missing observations | 463,196 | 463,196 | 460,826 |
Number of missing observations | 13,656 | 13,656 | 16,026 |
OECD mean | 13.8 | 13.6 | 13.5 |
OECD standard deviation | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
Range (min, max) | 3–18 | 3–16 | 3–16 |
Correlation with original measure in database | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.94 |
Country-level comparisons with original | |||
Country means | |||
Pearson correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.94 |
Spearman correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
Mean absolute deviation with original | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.44 |
Max positive deviation and country | 0.00 | 0.79 (Turkey) | 0.69 (Turkey) |
Min negative deviation and country | 0.00 | − 1.8 (Iceland) | − 1.9 (Iceland) |
Relationship with science performance (R2) | |||
OECD average | 0.060 | 0.059 | 0.066 |
Pearson correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
Spearman correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.96 |
Mean absolute deviation with original | 0.00 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Max positive deviation and country | 0.00 | 0.02 (Israel) | 0.02 (Jordan) |
Min negative deviation and country | 0.00 | − 0.01 (Poland) | − 0.01 (Poland) |
Relationship with science performance (beta) | |||
OECD average | 9.1 | 9.7 | 9.9 |
Pearson correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
Spearman correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
Mean absolute deviation with original | 0.00 | 0.90 | 1.11 |
Max positive deviation and country | 0.00 | 3.9 (Bulgaria) | 4.3 (Bulgaria) |
Min negative deviation and country | 0.00 | − 2.5 (Australia) | − 2.8 (Australia) |