Table 2 Descriptive statistics, three generations, PISA 2012

N

224 (160,000)

457 (336,480)

3019 (2,111,206)

Share in total

0.06

0.13

0.81

PISA Math score

464 (99)

489 (92)

492 (87)

Student characteristics

 Female

0.54 (0.50)

0.48 (0.50)

0.50 (0.50)

 White

0.08 (0.27)

0.06 (0.24)

0.67 (0.47)

 Black

0.11 (0.31)

0.08 (0.27)

0.13 (0.34)

 Hispanic

0.61 (0.49)

0.62 (0.49)

0.12 (0.32)

 Asian

0.18 (0.38)

0.22 (0.42)

0.01 (0.09)

 Other race

0.03 (0.16)

0.01 (0.12)

0.08 (0.27)

 Parental education—less than high school

0.26 (0.44)

0.30 (0.46)

0.03 (0.17)

 Parental education—high school and some college

0.42 (0.49)

0.43 (0.50)

0.47 (0.50)

 Parental education—college degree

0.32 (0.47)

0.28 (0.45)

0.50 (0.50)

 Wealth

0.06 (0.99)

0.38 (1.01)

0.63 (1.02)

 Speak language other than English at home

0.72 (0.45)

0.51 (0.50)

0.02 (0.14)

 Grade 10

0.60 (0.49)

0.67 (0.47)

0.74 (0.44)

School characteristics

 Public school

0.99 (0.08)

0.96 (0.20)

0.94 (0.24)

 Urban school

0.56 (0.50)

0.63 (0.48)

0.32 (0.47)

 Suburban school

0.34 (0.47)

0.34 (0.47)

0.38 (0.49)

 Rural school

0.10 (0.04)

0.04 (0.18)

0.30 (0.46)

 School size

1781 (951)

1884 (1041)

1309 (778)

 Class size

27.6 (4.8)

29.0 (5.5)

25.8 (5.0)

 Share of FRL eligible students greater than 75%

0.35 (0.48)

0.42 (0.49)

0.14 (0.34)

 Student–mathematics teacher ratio

115 (36.3)

125 (33.8)

125 (42.0)

 Share of mathematics teachers with a bachelor or masters degree in mathematics

0.61 (0.38)

0.65 (0.47)

0.67 (0.37)

 No mathematics teacher shortage

0.59 (0.49)

0.66 (0.47)

0.75 (0.44)

 Share of dropouts greater than 10%

0.29 (0.45)

0.26 (0.44)

0.24 (0.43)

 Student-related aspects of school climate

23.1 (4.08)

23.7 (4.37)

23.8 (3.50)