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Table 2 Descriptive statistics, three generations, PISA 2012
| First generation | Second-generation | Third-plus generation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (st.dev.), % | Mean (st.dev.), % | Mean (st.dev.), % | |
| N | 224 (160,000) | 457 (336,480) | 3019 (2,111,206) |
| Share in total | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.81 |
| PISA Math score | 464 (99) | 489 (92) | 492 (87) |
| Student characteristics | |||
| Female | 0.54 (0.50) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.50 (0.50) |
| White | 0.08 (0.27) | 0.06 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.47) |
| Black | 0.11 (0.31) | 0.08 (0.27) | 0.13 (0.34) |
| Hispanic | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.62 (0.49) | 0.12 (0.32) |
| Asian | 0.18 (0.38) | 0.22 (0.42) | 0.01 (0.09) |
| Other race | 0.03 (0.16) | 0.01 (0.12) | 0.08 (0.27) |
| Parental education—less than high school | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.30 (0.46) | 0.03 (0.17) |
| Parental education—high school and some college | 0.42 (0.49) | 0.43 (0.50) | 0.47 (0.50) |
| Parental education—college degree | 0.32 (0.47) | 0.28 (0.45) | 0.50 (0.50) |
| Wealth | 0.06 (0.99) | 0.38 (1.01) | 0.63 (1.02) |
| Speak language other than English at home | 0.72 (0.45) | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.02 (0.14) |
| Grade 10 | 0.60 (0.49) | 0.67 (0.47) | 0.74 (0.44) |
| School characteristics | |||
| Public school | 0.99 (0.08) | 0.96 (0.20) | 0.94 (0.24) |
| Urban school | 0.56 (0.50) | 0.63 (0.48) | 0.32 (0.47) |
| Suburban school | 0.34 (0.47) | 0.34 (0.47) | 0.38 (0.49) |
| Rural school | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.18) | 0.30 (0.46) |
| School size | 1781 (951) | 1884 (1041) | 1309 (778) |
| Class size | 27.6 (4.8) | 29.0 (5.5) | 25.8 (5.0) |
| Share of FRL eligible students greater than 75% | 0.35 (0.48) | 0.42 (0.49) | 0.14 (0.34) |
| Student–mathematics teacher ratio | 115 (36.3) | 125 (33.8) | 125 (42.0) |
| Share of mathematics teachers with a bachelor or masters degree in mathematics | 0.61 (0.38) | 0.65 (0.47) | 0.67 (0.37) |
| No mathematics teacher shortage | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.66 (0.47) | 0.75 (0.44) |
| Share of dropouts greater than 10% | 0.29 (0.45) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.24 (0.43) |
| Student-related aspects of school climate | 23.1 (4.08) | 23.7 (4.37) | 23.8 (3.50) |
