Predictors of individual performance changes related to item positions in PISA assessments

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Cluster rotation design of PISA 2012

Note PISA 2012 consisted of seven mathematics clusters (PM1–7; major domain), three science clusters (PS1–3), and three reading clusters (PR1–3). The minor domains are represented in italics. Booklets 1–13 were standard booklets. Booklets 21–27 were easier ones in which two standard mathematics clusters PM6A and PM7A were replaced by two easier ones PM6B and PM7B, respectively, and the other item clusters remained the same as in the standard booklets. The easier booklets were offered as an option to lower performing countries