An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 1 Five questions for learned helplessness and locus of control
PISA variable | Variable code | Question | Coding | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ST42Q08 | Learned helplessness | Y | I feel helplessness when doing mathematics problem | 1 Strongly agree 2 Agree 3 Disagree 4 Strongly disagree |
ST43Q01 | Effort | X3 | If I put in enough effort I can succeed in mathematics | |
ST44Q01 | Ability | X1 | I’m not very good at solving mathematics problems | |
ST44Q04 | Task difficulty | X2 | Sometimes the course material is too hard | |
ST44Q06 | Luck | X4 | Sometimes I am just unlucky | |