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Table 4 Meta regression coefficients for mathematics literacy, science literacy and reading
| Covariate | B | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics | Science | Reading | |
| Intercept | 4.842* (0.694/8.990) | − 1.264 (− 5.135/2.606) | 1.278 (− 4.146/6.701) |
| Test: TIMSS | − 0.047*** (− 0.061/− 0.033) | − 0.004 (− 0.025/0.017) | – |
| Test: TIMSS ADVANCED | 0.011 (− 0.066/0.043) | – | – |
| Test: PIRLS | – | – | − 0.045*** (− 0.068/− 0.022) |
| Year | 0.002* (− 0.0040/− 0.0003) | 0.001 (− 0.001/0.002) | − 0.001 (− 0.003/0.002) |
| Grade | – | 0.004 (− 0.0002/0.0080) | – |
| GGGI economic participation | − 0.166** (− 0.244/− 0.088) | − 0.197*** (− 0.270/− 0.125) | − 0.142** (− 0.247/− 0.036) |
| GGGI educational attainment | 0.313** (0.070/0.556) | 0.344*** (0.159/0.528) | − 0.131 (− 0.557/0.294) |
| GGGI health | − 0.396 (− 1.03/0.236) | − 0.118 (− 0.690/0.454) | − 0.050 (− 0.813/0.712) |
| GGGI political empowerment | − 0.063 (− 0.126/0.001) | − 0.024 (− 0.081/0.033) | − 0.077* (− 0.148/− 0.005) |
| HDI expected years of schooling | 0.004 (− 0.002/0.010) | 0.004 (− 0.001/0.010) | 0.004 (− 0.003/0.011) |
| HDI mean years of schooling | 0.003 (− 0.002/0.008) | − 0.002 (− 0.006/0.002) | − 0.001 (− 0.007/0.005) |
| HDI life expectancy | 0.001 (− 0.001/0.004) | 0.001 (− 0.001/0.003) | 0.002 (− 0.0004/0.0048) |
| HDI GNI | 6.32E−07** (2.62E−07/1E−06) | 8.78E−06*** (5.4E−06/1.22E−5) | 1.32E−06 (3.6E−06/6.2E−06) |
| Hedges g | − 0.235** (− 0.289/− 0.181) | − 0.279*** (− 0.328/− 0.231) | − 0.345*** (− 0.403/− 0.287) |
| Country mean score | 0.0001 (− 0.0001/0.0002) | 0.0003*** (0.0001/0.0004) | 0.0004*** (0.0002/0.0005) |
| OECD membership | − 0.022 (− 0.0438/0.0002) | − 0.015 (− 0.035/0.005) | − 0.013 (− 0.041/0.014) |
| Model R2 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.54 |
| k | 636 | 636 | 404 |
