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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Factors employed in analyses, the number of categories corresponding to each factor and the reference group used in regression analyses (if appropriate)

From: How long is the shadow? The relationships of family background to selected adult outcomes: results from PIAAC

Factor name

Number of categories

Reference group

Age

3

45–54

Gender

2

Male

Parental education

3

At least one parent with BA or BA+

Books in the home

3

101 books or more

Literacy and numeracy literacy and numeracy

Scale scores

2

N/A

Score in level 2 or below

Educational Attainment

4

BA or BA+