An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 4 Explanation of test-taking disengagement in problem solving (N = 10,367)
Predictor | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | (SE) | Estimate | (SE) | Estimate | (SE) | Estimate | (SE) | |
Intercept | − 6.30*** | (0.61) | − 6.66*** | (0.60) | − 6.29*** | (0.48) | − 6.63*** | (0.50) |
Educational attainment | ||||||||
High school | − 1.06*** | (0.14) | − 1.07*** | (0.14) | ||||
Above high school | − 2.16*** | (0.15) | − 2.16*** | (0.15) | ||||
Language (test language not same as native language) | 0.97*** | (0.12) | 0.96*** | (0.12) | ||||
Score cognitive pre-test | − 1.26*** | (0.06) | − 1.19*** | (0.06) | ||||
Gender (female) | − 0.05 | (0.09) | − 0.05 | (0.09) | ||||
Age group | ||||||||
25–34 | 1.30*** | (0.15) | 1.30*** | (0.15) | ||||
35–54 | 1.55*** | (0.13) | 1.55*** | (0.13) | ||||
55 or more | 2.25*** | (0.15) | 2.24*** | (0.15) | ||||
Item difficulty | 4.51*** | (0.96) | 4.54*** | (1.24) | ||||
Item difficulty × score cognitive pre-test | − 0.40*** | (0.08) | ||||||
\(Var\left( {b_{0p} } \right)\) | 10.88 | 11.02 | 10.89 | 11.04 | ||||
\(Var\left( {b_{0i} } \right)\) | 4.80 | 5.06 | 3.08 | 3.24 | ||||