Measurement of job motivation in TEDS-M: testing for invariance across countries and cultures

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Goodness of fit indices for measurement invariance between countries

Invariance model	X ² /df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	Compare with	ΔCFI
(2) Fully unconstrained baseline model	2.1***	0.95	0.92	0.05	0.04
(3) Metric invariance	2.4***	0.92	0.90	0.05	0.07	(2)	0.03
(3a) Metric invariance (Item A for TW free)^a	2.2***	0.93	0.92	0.05	0.06	(2)	0.02
(4) Scalar inviariance (across all countries)	9.8***	0.33	0.36	0.14	0.14	(3a)	0.06
(5) Scalar inviariance (across individualistic countries)	3.5***	0.84	0.82	0.07	0.09	(3a)	0.09
(5a) Scalar inviariance (Item D for NW and I for PL free)^b	2.2***	0.92	0.91	0.05	0.07	(3a)	0.01
(6) Scalar inviariance (across collectivistic countries)	5.3***	0.70	0.69	0.10	0.10	(3a)	0.02
(7) Scalar invariance across Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand	2.8***	0.89	0.87	0.06	0.07	(3a)	0.04
(7a) Scalar invariance across Philippines, Malaysia (G free) and Thailand (G free)^c	2.3***	0.92	0.91	0.05	0.06	(3a)	0.01
(8) Scalar invariance across Taiwan and Singapore	2.5***	0.91	0.89	0.06	0.07	(3a)	0.02
(8) Scalar invariance across Taiwan (B free)^d and Singapore	2.2***	0.92	0.91	0.05	0.06	(3a)	0.01

df degrees of freedom, CFI comparative fit Index, TLI Tucker Lewis index, RMSEA root mean square of approximation, SRMR standardized root mean sqare residual, X ² and df are estimated by MLR, X ²-difference cannot be compared by substracting X ² and df, ΔX ² and Δdf were estimated considering the scaling correction factor (Satorra and Bentler 2001; Muthén and Muthén 2010)
* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
^aFactor loadings of item A “I am attracted by the availability of teaching positions” for Taiwan were set free to vary
^bIntercepts of item D “I am attracted by teacher salaries” for Norway and item G “I seek the long-termin security associated with being a teacher” for Poland were set free to vary
^cIntercepts of item G “ I seek the long-term security associated with being a teacher” for Thailand and Malaysia were set free to vary
^dIntercepts of item A “I am attracted by the availability of teaching positions” for Taiwan were set free to vary