Fig. 1From: Gender differences in variability and extreme scores in an international contextGender effect sizes in mean and extreme tails of the distribution in reading, math. and science. Gender effect sizes at percentiles 5, 10, 90, 95 and on the mean scores, by content area and education level. Positive values indicate higher scores for females; negative values indicate higher scores for males. Data IEA (TIMSS/PIRLS) and OECD (PISA) surveys, 1995–2012Back to article page