Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Proportions of total items showing more than a 50% reduction in NCDIF Index, empirical TIMSS analyses

From: Investigating item complexity as a source of cross-national DIF in TIMSS math and science

	Total # of items	Math		Science
	Total # of items	Positive asymmetry	Negative asymmetry	Positive asymmetry	Negative asymmetry
2019
Grade 4 paper	261	0.129	0.154	0.053	0.124
Grade 4 electronic	261	0.117	0.147	0.074	0.088
Grade 8 paper	325	0.201	0.201	0.106	0.093
Grade 8 electronic	325	0.198	0.169	090	0.123
2011
Grade 4	347	0.233	0.264	0.143	0.170
Grade 8	434	0.249	0.214	0.186	0.172

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