An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
 | Bias |  | RMSE |  | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||||||
Direction | Percent | Size | Type | NonDIF | DIF | NonDIF | DIF | NonDIF | DIF | NonDIF | DIF |
Positive | 10% | Small | Non | 0.14 | –0.17 | –0.38 | –0.21 | 7.66 | 7.82 | 7.57 | 7.19 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.16 | –5.01 | 0.69 | –2.36 | 7.72 | 9.22 | 7.19 | 8.70 |
 |  | Large | Non | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.20 | –0.68 | 7.45 | 8.13 | 7.35 | 7.60 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.21 | –8.99 | 0.20 | –0.44 | 8.00 | 12.99 | 8.21 | 8.11 |
 | 20% | Small | Non | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.72 | 1.14 | 7.89 | 8.35 | 7.98 | 8.72 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.04 | –9.13 | 0.00 | –7.67 | 7.33 | 12.79 | 7.89 | 11.46 |
 |  | Large | Non | 0.19 | 0.57 | –0.01 | 0.00 | 7.55 | 7.65 | 7.95 | 8.22 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.99 | –18.13 | 0.36 | –0.81 | 7.65 | 20.90 | 7.71 | 7.27 |
 | 40% | Small | Non | 0.29 | –0.16 | 0.84 | 0.12 | 7.30 | 7.86 | 7.31 | 7.57 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.80 | –20.18 | 0.19 | –17.64 | 7.71 | 22.06 | 7.49 | 19.89 |
 |  | Large | Non | –0.30 | –1.67 | –0.46 | –1.67 | 7.57 | 9.30 | 7.31 | 8.66 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.70 | –38.13 | –0.82 | –13.16 | 7.66 | 39.55 | 7.88 | 24.54 |
Negative | 10% | Small | Non | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 7.34 | 7.89 | 7.69 | 6.79 |
 |  |  | Uni | 0.13 | 4.62 | 1.31 | 3.59 | 7.26 | 9.27 | 7.44 | 8.73 |
 |  | Large | Non | 0.68 | 1.37 | –0.21 | –0.39 | 7.62 | 9.04 | 7.05 | 8.12 |
 |  |  | Uni | 0.51 | 8.28 | –0.07 | 0.74 | 7.78 | 12.18 | 7.62 | 7.67 |
 | 20% | Small | Non | –0.59 | –0.40 | –0.47 | –0.80 | 7.49 | 7.19 | 7.53 | 7.08 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.59 | 9.66 | –0.49 | 6.25 | 7.94 | 12.90 | 7.85 | 11.10 |
 |  | Large | Non | 0.15 | –0.57 | 0.04 | 0.28 | 7.68 | 9.43 | 7.47 | 8.32 |
 |  |  | Uni | 0.58 | 19.04 | 0.23 | 1.53 | 7.25 | 21.66 | 7.64 | 7.68 |
 | 40% | Small | Non | 0.98 | 0.87 | –0.52 | –0.06 | 7.86 | 8.81 | 7.90 | 8.43 |
 |  |  | Uni | –0.63 | 19.13 | –0.74 | 17.40 | 7.56 | 21.00 | 7.72 | 19.99 |
 |  | Large | Non | –0.23 | –0.58 | 0.23 | 1.93 | 7.65 | 14.66 | 7.79 | 10.33 |
 |  |  | Uni | 0.27 | 39.34 | 0.04 | 10.95 | 6.94 | 41.14 | 7.53 | 19.99 |