An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
From: Do immigrants experience labor market mismatch? New evidence from the US PIAAC
Variable name in analysis | PIAAC variable | Method of construction |
---|---|---|
Over-education/under education/correct match | ISCO3C (Occupational classification of the respondent’s current job at the 3-digit level); EDCAT8 (Highest level of formal education obtained) | We constructed this variable from two PIAAC variables. We first identified a modal education level for each occupation category, and designated individuals in that occupation category who were below the modal level as under- educated, those who were above—as over-educated, and individuals whose education level was the same as the modal—as correctly matched |
Immigrant status | IMPAR and J_Q04a | We constructed this variable from the information derived from two PIAAC variables—parents’ place of birth and own place of birth First generation immigrants are the ones who were born outside the U.S. to foreign-born parents. Second generation workers are these respondents who were born in the U.S. to at least one parent who was born outside of the U.S. Third-plus generation respondents are these who were born in the U.S. to U.S.-born parents |
Work experience | C_Q09 | No transformation required, already derived |
Part-time | Â | Â |
Numeracy | A set of plausible values, PVNUM1-PVNUM10 | No transformations necessary, apply plausible value procedures in all estimations |
Gender | GENDER_R | Indicator variable to denote female and male respondents |
Race | RACETHN_5CAT | The race variable in PIAAC is recoded into a series of five indicator variables: Hispanic, White, Black, Asian, and Other |
Children | J_Q03b_C | Recoded as 1 if a respondent reported having at least one child |
U.S. region | REGION_US | A set of indicator variables representing four regions—Northeast, Midwest, South, and West |
City | URBAN_4CAT | Urban area is coded as 1, other categories as 0 |
Ability to speak English | J_Q05cUSX3b | Recoded into three groups: very well, well, not well (this group includes these respondents who reported not well and not well at all because their individual shares in total were small) |
Years in a country | IMYRS_C | Recoded into a series of indicator variables as follows: less than 5 years, 6 to 10 years, 11 to 15 years, more than 15 years Second and third-plus generation are coded as 0 |