Do immigrants experience labor market mismatch? New evidence from the US PIAAC

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Selected Descriptive Statistics by Job-Education Mismatch, All Workers, PIAAC 2012/2014

	Undermatched	Correctly Matched	Overmatched	ANOVA (p-value)
First generation	0.30 (0.02)	0.41 (0.02)	0.27 (0.02)	< 0.0001
Second generation	0.17 (0.02)	0.49 (0.03)	0.33 (0.03)	< 0.0001
Third-plus generation	0.18 (0.08)	0.51(0.01)	0.30 (0.01)	< 0.0001
Female	0.22 (0.01)	0.47 (0.01)	0.30 (0.01)	< 0.0001
Male	0.19 (0.01)	0.52 (0.02)	0.30 (0.01)	< 0.0001
Hispanic	0.35 (0.03)	0.45 (0.03)	0.19 (0.02)	< 0.0001
White	0.18 (0.01)	0.50 (0.01)	0.31 (0.01)	< 0.0001
Black	0.19 (0.02)	0.50 (0.03)	0.29 (0.02)	< 0.0001
Asian American	0.09 (0.02)	0.45 (0.04)	0.45 (0.04)	< 0.0001
Other	0.19 (0.05)	0.45 (0.06)	0.35 (0.06)	< 0.0001
Literacy	259.74 (2.49)	276.05 (1.20)	291.07 (1.26)	< 0.0001
Numeracy	245.46 (2.51)	263.08 (1.33)	280.83 (1.42)	< 0.0001
N	781	2017	1224

Numbers in the rows do not add up to 100% because of rounding. In the last column, we report p-values from ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction for the difference in means between undermatched, correctly matched, and overmatched workers. For all variables, statistically significant differences were found pairwise, i.e., between undermatched and correctly matched, undermatched and overmatched, and correctly matched and overmatched