Same but different? Measurement invariance of the PIAAC motivation-to-learn scale across key socio-demographic groups

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 7 Overview of freed parameters for testing partial measurement invariance (item: thresholds that have been freed)

Item I_Q04d, “I like learning new things.”; Item I_Q04j, “I like to get to the bottom of difficult things.”; Item I_Q04l, “I like to figure out how different ideas fit together.”; Item I_Q04m, “If I don’t understand something, I look for additional information to make it clearer.”; for Korea, the threshold of item I_Q04j has been freed only for the low educational level, which had also free factor loadings for item I_Q04l and I_Q04m