An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 2 Sample descriptive statistics
Variable | Disadvantaged school | Non-disadvantaged school |
|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | |
PISA Reading test score | 481.88 | 533.20 |
PISA Mathematics test score | 466.87 | 512.83 |
Female | 49.54% | 49.57% |
Economics, Social and Cultural Status index (ESCS) | − 0.35 (0.82) | 0.27 (0.81) |
School year | 9.53 (0.77) | 9.37 (0.62) |
Native | 80.01% | 83.25% |
Teacher-directed instruction | 0.21 (0.91) | − 0.23 (0.95) |
Teacher support | 0.16 (1.02) | 0.15 (0.97) |
Single sex | 21.61% | 43.75% |
Student-staff ratio | 11.13 (2.26) | 13.44 (1.49) |
School size | 531.42 (262.41) | 666.40 (236.37) |
Percentage of students with SEN | 21.83% | 13.65% |
Staff shortage | 56.84% | 42.47% |
Quality of teaching material | 33.67% | 25.59% |
School sector | 31.69% | 64.63% |
Small town or Rural location | 39.70% | 50.53% |
Student behaviour | 0.50 (0.79) | − 0.02 (0.72) |
Teacher behaviour | 0.21 (0.91) | 0.27 (0.71) |
Percentage of teachers—professional development | 70.30% | 77.31% |
Parental engagement | 6.68% | 8.71% |
Observations | 1161 | 3762 |