An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Country | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model comparison | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random effects (variance) | ICC | R2 | − 2LL | Random effects (variance) | ICC | R2 | − 2LL | Random effects (variance) | ICC | R2 | − 2LL | Model 1 and model 2 | Model 2 and model 3 | |||||||
Intercept | Residual | Intercept | Residual | Intercept | Residual | Hunger | χ2 | p | χ2 | p | ||||||||||
Australia | 4661 | 3106 | 0.60 | 0.01 | 90897 | 2047 | 3004 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 90322 | 1860 | 2998 | 10 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 90320 | 575.01 | < 0.05 | 2.23 | > 0.05 |
Bahrain | 888.6 | 8078 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 63270 | 669 | 8008 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 63179 | 894 | 8007 | 3 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 63178 | 90.77 | < 0.05 | 0.90 | > 0.05 |
Chile | 2768 | 3253 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 40960 | 552 | 3185 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 40662 | 1021 | 3179 | 13 | 0.15 | 0.39 | 40656 | 298.43 | < 0.05 | 5.37 | > 0.05 |
Chinese Taipei | 2153 | 7456 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 57259 | 757 | 6828 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 56673 | 1510 | 6767 | 165 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 56670 | 585.68 | < 0.05 | 3.47 | > 0.05 |
Cyprus | 1493 | 5042 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 27291 | 406 | 4526 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 26917 | 323 | 4524 | 4 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 26917 | 373.74 | < 0.05 | 0.32 | > 0.05 |
Egypt | 3133 | 5251 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 66005 | 2595 | 5158 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 65873 | 3780 | 5099 | 123 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 65860 | 131.51 | < 0.05 | 12.28 | < 0.05 |
England | 4474 | 3312 | 0.58 | 0.01 | 24053 | 1894 | 3153 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 23858 | 2022 | 3138 | 27 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 23858 | 195.12 | < 0.05 | 0.30 | > 0.05 |
Finland | 1788 | 3673 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 53219 | 788 | 3389 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 52628 | 712 | 3379 | 21 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 52627 | 591.08 | < 0.05 | 0.90 | > 0.05 |
France | 1086 | 3463 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 32032 | 221 | 3026 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 31486 | 272 | 3024 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 31486 | 545.97 | < 0.05 | 0.14 | > 0.05 |
Georgia | 2776 | 4883 | 0.36 | 0.00 | 33865 | 2047 | 4655 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 33682 | 1780 | 4652 | 3 | 0.31 | 0.16 | 33682 | 182.43 | < 0.05 | 0.64 | > 0.05 |
Hong Kong | 4611 | 3312 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 33641 | 2429 | 330 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 33550 | 2597 | 3305 | 1 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 33549 | 91.70 | < 0.05 | 0.19 | > 0.05 |
Hungary | 3035 | 4341 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 49460 | 511 | 3889 | 0.12 | 0.41 | 48640 | 627 | 3878 | 18 | 0.12 | 0.41 | 48640 | 819.92 | < 0.05 | 0.25 | > 0.05 |
Iran | 3102 | 4849 | 0.39 | 0.01 | 66142 | 891 | 4703 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 65725 | 746 | 4698 | 9 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 65723 | 417.42 | < 0.05 | 1.41 | > 0.05 |
Ireland | 1037 | 3822 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 42881 | 238 | 3360 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 42203 | 342 | 3330 | 58 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 42200 | 677.19 | < 0.05 | 3.73 | > 0.05 |
Israel | 5162 | 4516 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 30438 | 2084 | 4311 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 30187 | 2942 | 4300 | 19 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 30182 | 250.51 | < 0.05 | 5.30 | > 0.05 |
Italy | 1004 | 3931 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 39353 | 541 | 3629 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 38984 | 659 | 3610 | 33 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 38983 | 369.16 | < 0.05 | 0.67 | > 0.05 |
Japan | 828.2 | 5989 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 50109 | 362 | 5447 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 49618 | 160 | 5434 | 21 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 49614 | 490.35 | < 0.05 | 4.59 | > 0.05 |
Jordan | 1947 | 4757 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 65664 | 1436 | 4668 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 65500 | 1097 | 4665 | 4 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 65497 | 164.20 | < 0.05 | 2.86 | > /05 |
Kazakhstan | 2993 | 3863 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 45233 | 2295 | 3813 | 0.38 | 0.11 | 45128 | 2908 | 3786 | 61 | 0.38 | 0.11 | 45125 | 104.34 | < 0.05 | 3.77 | > 0.05 |
Korea | 969.5 | 7983 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 45229 | 308 | 7276 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 44763 | 145 | 7271 | 13 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 44762 | 465.70 | < 0.05 | 0.92 | > 0.05 |
Kuwait | 2442 | 4619 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 44049 | 2015 | 4566 | 0.31 | 0.08 | 43975 | 1457 | 4562 | 10 | 0.31 | 0.08 | 43970 | 74.70 | < 0.05 | 4.17 | > 0.05 |
Lebanon | 1871 | 2719 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 45062 | 944 | 2697 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 44902 | 1112 | 2668 | 54 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 44897 | 160.30 | < 0.05 | 4.58 | > 0.05 |
Lithuania | 2294 | 4684 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 39859 | 706 | 4210 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 39291 | 668 | 4209 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 39291 | 568.12 | < 0.05 | 0.04 | > 0.05 |
Malaysia | 6199 | 2605 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 75286 | 1920 | 2577 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 74877 | 2540 | 2543 | 88 | 0.44 | 0.48 | 74866 | 408.64 | < 0.05 | 10.98 | < 0.05 |
Morocco | 1280 | 3437 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 66387 | 802 | 3421 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 66274 | 985 | 3404 | 35 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 66272 | 113.13 | < 0.05 | 1.76 | > 0.05 |
New Zealand | 4725 | 3920 | 0.55 | 0.01 | 61736 | 1358 | 3723 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 61165 | 1269 | 3692 | 61 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 61159 | 570.76 | < 0.05 | 6.42 | < 0.05 |
Norway | 724 | 5389 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 37212 | 367 | 4823 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 36785 | 568 | 4804 | 33 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 36784 | 427.08 | < 0.05 | 0.54 | > 0.05 |
Oman | 2860 | 6768 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 66282 | 1575 | 6438 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 65817 | 1655 | 6328 | 41 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 65816 | 465.35 | < 0.05 | 0.69 | > 0.05 |
Portugal | 1581 | 3533 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 35941 | 644 | 3321 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 35609 | 616 | 3320 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 35609 | 332.56 | < 0.05 | 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Qatar | 3876 | 4544 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 41716 | 2109 | 4344 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 41447 | 2011 | 4343 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 41447 | 268.64 | < 0.05 | 0.09 | > 0.05 |
Romania | 3864 | 5338 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 47922 | 1641 | 4920 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 47434 | 1530 | 4909 | 23 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 47433 | 488.35 | < 0.05 | 0.57 | > 0.05 |
Russian federation | 2743 | 3852 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 42831 | 1738 | 3769 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 42664 | 1832 | 3768 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 42664 | 166.46 | < 0.05 | 0.14 | > 0.05 |
Saudi Arabia | 2759 | 4567 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 47658 | 1218 | 4478 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 47446 | 1394 | 4437 | 73 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 47442 | 212.78 | < 0.05 | 3.87 | > 0.05 |
Singapore | 5872 | 1840 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 51230 | 1685 | 1840 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 50858 | 2071 | 1837 | 4 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 50854 | 371.80 | < 0.05 | 4.44 | > 0.05 |
South Africa | 3848 | 2915 | 0.57 | 0.00 | 198626 | 1291 | 2913 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 198105 | 1509 | 2904 | 16 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 198099 | 521.10 | < 0.05 | 5.06 | > 0.05 |
Sweden | 1382 | 4377 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 39570 | 411 | 3775 | 0.10 | 0.28 | 38887 | 766 | 3736 | 71 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 38884 | 683.27 | < 0.05 | 2.26 | > 0.05 |
Turkey | 3886 | 7475 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 46082 | 1164 | 7020 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 45660 | 1782 | 7006 | 36 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 45659 | 422.15 | < 0.05 | 1.49 | > 0.05 |
United Arab Emirates | 5915 | 3840 | 0.61 | 0.00 | 200878 | 3777 | 3798 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 200276 | 4054 | 3786 | 22 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 200274 | 602.17 | < 0.05 | 2.31 | > 0.05 |
United States | 6172 | 3286 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 83959 | 2365 | 3220 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 83380 | 2455 | 3192 | 49 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 83376 | 578.58 | < 0.05 | 4.36 | > 0.05 |