Global pattern in hunger and educational opportunity: a multilevel analysis of child hunger and TIMSS mathematics achievement

Canbolat, Yusuf; Rutkowski, David; Rutkowski, Leslie

doi:10.1186/s40536-023-00161-z

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Sample Size and Descriptive Statistics by Country

From: Global pattern in hunger and educational opportunity: a multilevel analysis of child hunger and TIMSS mathematics achievement

Country	Sample Size	Achievement		Hunger		SES		Teacher experience		Teacher education		Correlation between hunger and SES
Country	N	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Correlation between hunger and SES
Australia	9060	517.28	3.8	1.97	0.01	11.21	0.02	13.94	0.12	5.22	0.00	− 0.12
Bahrain	5725	481.09	1.7	2.22	0.01	10.24	0.02	13.94	0.11	5.17	0.01	− 0.08
Chile	4115	440.61	2.8	2.39	0.01	10.00	0.02	14.64	0.19	5.10	0.01	− 0.05
Chinese Taipei	4915	612.50	2.7	2.36	0.01	10.35	0.02	17.00	0.11	5.60	0.01	0.00
Cyprus	3521	501.08	1.6	1.89	0.01	10.92	0.02	12.10	0.15	5.68	0.01	−0.09
Egypt	7210	412.88	5.2	2.20	0.01	9.46	0.02	18.52	0.12	4.67	0.01	0.00
England	3365	514.93	5.3	1.96	0.01	10.73	0.03	12.73	0.14	5.33	0.01	− 0.11
Finland	4874	508.92	2.6	2.13	0.01	11.16	0.02	14.37	0.13	5.94	0.01	− 0.09
France	3874	482.61	2.5	2.32	0.01	10.66	0.02	14.74	0.14	5.76	0.01	− 0.10
Georgia	3315	461.30	4.3	1.96	0.01	10.90	0.03	24.70	0.20	5.82	0.01	− 0.02
Hong Kong	3265	578.31	4.1	2.28	0.01	10.24	0.03	14.97	0.17	5.44	0.01	− 0.04
Hungary	4569	516.54	2.9	2.01	0.01	11.11	0.02	25.51	0.15	5.36	0.01	− 0.08
Iran	5980	446.17	3.7	1.75	0.01	9.50	0.02	17.67	0.11	5.23	0.01	− 0.11
Ireland	4118	523.73	2.6	1.89	0.01	10.86	0.02	13.95	0.11	5.43	0.01	− 0.12
Israel	3731	519.11	4.3	1.98	0.01	11.02	0.02	15.53	0.13	5.45	0.01	− 0.07
Italy	3619	497.48	2.7	2.21	0.01	10.38	0.03	19.57	0.18	6.08	0.01	− 0.09
Japan	4446	594.23	2.7	1.89	0.01	10.87	0.02	15.46	0.14	5.12	0.00	− 0.03
Kazakhstan	4453	487.56	3.3	1.87	0.01	10.26	0.02	19.89	0.18	5.11	0.01	− 0.05
Jordan	7176	420.27	4.3	2.14	0.01	9.52	0.02	11.04	0.10	4.74	0.01	− 0.06
Korea	3861	606.82	2.8	2.40	0.01	11.60	0.02	15.71	0.15	5.37	0.01	− 0.07
Kuwait	4574	402.75	5.0	2.06	0.01	9.87	0.02	13.60	0.11	5.12	0.01	− 0.04
Lebanon	4730	429.31	2.9	2.13	0.01	9.66	0.02	13.56	0.14	5.14	0.01	0.00
Lithuania	3826	520.43	2.9	1.69	0.01	10.81	0.02	28.74	0.15	5.50	0.01	− 0.06
Malaysia	7065	460.57	3.2	2.41	0.01	9.86	0.02	13.80	0.09	5.02	0.01	0.05
Morocco	8458	388.19	2.3	2.17	0.01	8.25	0.02	12.25	0.13	3.95	0.02	− 0.03
New Zealand	6051	481.59	3.4	1.91	0.01	10.98	0.02	16.36	0.13	5.52	0.01	− 0.15
Norway	4575	502.87	2.4	1.93	0.01	11.42	0.02	12.24	0.14	5.47	0.01	− 0.08
Oman	6751	410.66	2.8	2.07	0.01	9.73	0.02	13.99	0.08	5.06	0.01	− 0.07
Portugal	3377	500.32	3.2	1.73	0.01	10.36	0.03	20.88	0.12	5.19	0.01	− 0.12
Qatar	3884	443.42	4	2.21	0.01	10.39	0.02	12.68	0.14	5.27	0.01	− 0.07
Romania	4494	478.99	4.3	2.40	0.01	10.51	0.02	23.88	0.15	5.15	0.01	− 0.07
Russian Federation	3901	543.49	4.5	1.92	0.01	10.64	0.02	25.54	0.19	5.74	0.01	− 0.00
Saudi Arabia	5680	393.77	2.5	2.00	0.01	9.59	0.02	11.61	0.09	5.03	0.00	− 0.04
Singapore	4853	615.77	4	2.18	0.01	10.50	0.02	11.16	0.12	5.17	0.01	− 0.14
South Africa	20829	389.48	2.3	2.13	0.01	9.10	0.01	14.09	0.07	4.78	0.00	− 0.09
Sweden	3996	502.52	2.5	2.08	0.01	11.03	0.02	15.75	0.14	5.23	0.02	− 0.13
Turkey	4077	495.63	4.3	2.35	0.01	9.38	0.03	10.46	0.10	5.06	0.00	0.09
United Arab Emirates	22334	473.43	1.9	2.16	0.01	10.33	0.01	13.69	0.05	5.27	0.00	− 0.11
United States	8698	515.44	4.8	2.06	0.01	10.66	0.02	14.48	0.10	5.57	0.01	− 0.17

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