Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 4 Estimates of model for grade repetition conditioned on sociodemographic variables, from 2007 to 2017

From: The relationship between students’ socio-demographics and the probability of grade repetition in Brazilian primary education: is it decreasing over time?

Year	2007		2009		2011		2013		2015		2017
Fixed Part	Est	S.E	Est	S.E	Est	S.E	Est	S.E	Est	S.E	Est	S.E
Constant	− 0.601	0.066	− 0.652	0.068	− 0.727	0.071	− 0.457	0.086	− 0.290	0.086	− 0.080	0.092
Female	0.516	0.003	0.488	0.003	0.539	0.003	0.542	0.004	0.593	0.004	0.606	0.004
Pardo	− 0.121	0.004	− 0.129	0.004	− 0.062	0.004	− 0.019	0.004	0.029	0.004	0.076	0.004
Black	− 0.450	0.006	− 0.371	0.005	− 0.364	0.006	− 0.330	0.006	− 0.323	0.006	− 0.425	0.006
Yellow	− 0.345	0.010	− 0.300	0.010	− 0.216	0.012	− 0.183	0.012	− 0.162	0.012	− 0.228	0.011
Indigenous	− 0.169	0.009	− 0.181	0.009	− 0.102	0.011	− 0.055	0.011	− 0.009	0.012	− 0.094	0.012
Student’s SES	0.235	0.002	0.249	0.002	0.251	0.002	0.214	0.002	0.218	0.002	0.213	0.002
Random part
State	0.115	0.032	0.110	0.031	0.128	0.036	0.193	0.054	0.191	0.053	0.219	0.061
Municipality	0.092	0.004	0.105	0.003	0.165	0.004	0.140	0.005	0.166	0.005	0.153	0.005
School	0.160	0.002	0.150	0.002	0.169	0.003	0.163	0.002	0.160	0.002	0.166	0.002
Student	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000

Source: own calculation

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