The relationship between students’ socio-demographics and the probability of grade repetition in Brazilian primary education: is it decreasing over time?

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Number of students per education outcome variable (unit = 1,000,000)

Number of cases	Year of Prova Brasil
Number of cases	2007	2009	2011	2013	2015	2017	Total
Number of fifth-grade students	2.828	3.110	2.647	2.475	2.458	2.594	16.112
Students’ performance in maths/reading	2.309	2.534	2.277	2.034	2.044	2.170	13.367
Grade promotion or repetition	2.071	2.367	2.173	1.857	1.934	2.031	12.434