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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 PISA facets and categories

From: Comparing the score interpretation across modes in PISA: an investigation of how item facets affect difficulty

Maths—Facet

Category

N items = 83 (% invariant items)

Content

Change and relationships

22 (77)

Quantity

21 (52)

Space and shape

19 (58)

Uncertainty and data

21 (52)

Situation and context

Occupational

20 (65)

Personal

13 (85)

Scientific

22 (59)

Societal

28 (46)

Process

Employing mathematical concepts, facts and procedures

36 (61)

Formulating situations mathematically

24 (58)

Interpreting, applying and evaluating mathematical outcomes

23 (61)

Reading—Facet

Category

N items = 103 (% invariant items)

Situation

Educational

30 (63)

Occupational

20 (65)

Personal

29 (55)

Public

24 (71)

Text format

Continuous

62 (66)

Mixed

7 (57)

Multiple

3 (33)

Non-continuous

31 (61)

Aspect

Access and retrieve

26 (54)

Integrate and interpret

53 (60)

Reflect and evaluate

24 (79)

Science—Facet

Category

N items = 85 (% invariant items)

Context 1

Global

17 (59)

Local/National

58 (74)

Personal

10 (80)

Context 2

Environmental quality

11 (64)

Frontiers

31 (71)

Hazards

9 (67)

Health and disease

15 (87)

Natural resources

19 (68)

System

Earth and space

18 (67)

Living

39 (74)

Physical

28 (71)

Competency

Evaluate and design scientific enquiry

16 (75)

Explain phenomena scientifically

41 (73)

Interpret data and evidence scientifically

28 (68)

Knowledge

Content

51 (71)

Epistemic

10 (80%)

Procedural

24 (71%)

Depth of knowledge

Low

30 (63%)

Medium

48 (73%)

High

7 (100%)