Large-scale Assessments in Education

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Table 4 School and Classroom Climate Contributions to Student Mathematics Achievement: Hierarchical Regression Model Results Disaggregated by International Language at Home

From: Effects of classroom and school climate on language minority students’ PISA mathematics self-concept and achievement scores

Variables		English at Home (n = 2702)				Other Language at Home (n = 428)
Variables		β	SE	Std. 95%CI	Total R² (ΔR²) [f²]	β	SE	Std. 95%CI	Total R² (ΔR²) [f²]
Model 1 PMCE	MTCM	0.245***	0.026	0.194, 0.296	0.044 (0.044)*** [0.046]	0.318***	0.063	0.195, 0.441	0.095 (0.095)** [0.105]
	MTS	– 0.065	0.030	– 0.124, – 0.006		– 0.055*	0.068	– 0.188, 0.078
	CAML	– 0.029	0.028	– 0.084, 0.026		0.047	0.063	– 0.076, 0.170
Model 2 PMCE + CMCE	MTCM	0.112***	0.030	0.053, 0.171	0.094 (0.050)*** [0.055]	0.184**	0.068	0.051, 0.317	0.132 (0.037)***[0.043]
	MTS	– 0.068*	0.035	– 0.137, 0.001		0.038	0.073	– 0.105, 0.181
	CAML	– 0.029	0.029	– 0.086, 0.028		0.074	0.062	– 0.048, 0.196
	DC	0.235***	0.028	0.180, 0.290		0.223***	0.037	0.150, 0.296
	TS	0.062*	0.030	0.003, 0.121		– 0.101*	0.047	– 0.193, – 0.009
Model 3 PMCE + CMCE + SLF	MTCM	0.105***	0.030	0.046, 0.164	0.102 (0.006)*** [0.009]	0.174***	0.065	0.047, 0.301	0.143 (0.011)***[0.013]
	MTS	– 0.079*	0.034	– 0.146, – 0.012		0.021	0.066	– 0.108, 0.150
	CAML	– 0.041	0.030	– 0.100, 0.018		0.057	0.067	– 0.074, 0.188
	DC	0.232***	0.028	0.177, 0.287		0.228***	0.036	0.157, 0.299
	TS	0.035	0.032	– 0.028, 0.098		– 0.108*	0.058	– 0.222, 0.006
	SBS	– 0.045*	0.022	– 0.088, – 0.002		0.086	0.070	– 0.051, 0.223
	TSR	0.110***	0.032	0.047, 0.173		0.017	0.069	– 0.118, 0.152

MTCM = Mathematics Teacher’s Classroom Management, MTS = Mathematics Teacher’s Support, CAML = Cognitive Activation in Mathematics Lessons, DC = Disciplinary Climate, TS = Teacher Support, SBS = Sense of Belonging to School, TSR = Teacher Student Relations, PMCE = Perceived Prior mathematics classroom experience, CMCE = Perceived Current mathematics classroom experience, SLF = Perceived School-level factors.
N = 3130. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. β = standardized regression coefficient. f² = Cohen’s f² for effect size

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