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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Ordered logit on improvement in perceived learning and in grades, odds ratios estimates

From: The effect of the COVID-19 disruption on the gender gap in students’ performance: a cross-country analysis

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

IPL

IPL

IG

IG

Female

0.755***

0.901*

0.783***

0.768***

 

(0.048)

(0.053)

(0.041)

(0.043)

parent_sup

 

0.962

 

0.978

  

(0.067)

 

(0.064)

gen_sup

 

0.878*

 

1.133*

  

(0.060)

 

(0.075)

teach_sup

 

1.295***

 

0.949

  

(0.073)

 

(0.062)

anxiety

 

0.964

 

1.153**

  

(0.041)

 

(0.077)

worry_learn

 

0.830***

 

1.115

  

(0.038)

 

(0.0923)

worry_future

 

0.968

 

1.194**

  

(0.047)

 

(0.088)

safe_home

 

1.176***

 

1.020

  

(0.034)

 

(0.030)

happy_home

 

1.401***

 

0.960

  

(0.044)

 

(0.029)

outdoor

 

1.089**

 

1.030

  

(0.035)

 

(0.0404)

exercise

 

1.168***

 

1.056

  

(0.059)

 

(0.0443)

fit

 

1.153***

 

1.085*

  

(0.052)

 

(0.051)

private_pc

 

1.303***

 

1.023

  

(0.098)

 

(0.0459)

internet

 

1.059

 

0.847*

  

(0.098)

 

(0.069)

quiet_space

 

0.789***

 

0.945

  

(0.062)

 

(0.072)

ict_gen

 

0.935**

 

1.002

  

(0.025)

 

(0.027)

ict_school

 

1.026

 

0.980

  

(0.028)

 

(0.028)

Controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Country FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

cut1

1.444

5.577*

1.444

0.200**

 

(1.230)

(5.226)

(1.230)

(0.154)

cut2

12.849***

60.862***

12.849***

1.329

 

(10.848)

(56.262)

(10.848)

(1.022)

cut3

51.415***

265.960***

51.415***

6.474**

 

(43.787)

(246.340)

(43.787)

(4.969)

Pseudo R2

0.010

0.060

0.010

0.022

Observations

11,372

10,348

11,372

10,348

  1. ***Indicates significance at the 1% level, ** at the 5% level and * at the 10% level. Coefficients are reported in odds ratios. Jackknife standard errors in parentheses. IPL indicates the dependent variable improvement in perceived learning, while IG the improvement in grades. All models include country fixed effects (FE) and the following controls: age, ses, he_parents and lang_istr. Control variables estimates are not included for reasons of space and are available upon request. Results are adjusted for survey setting with 75 Jackknife replications and 43 number of strata. Pseudo R2 is not provided for survey setting. The values of Pseudo R2 are taken from simple ordered logistic models, without survey parameters