An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 1 Descriptives (means of variables in the estimated models for girls and boys with standard deviations in parentheses and ranges)
Means of variables | Girl–boy difference in means | Min | Max | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables used to estimate outcome variable 1 | Boys (N = 743) | Girls (N = 745) | |||||
Math competency (WLE; w5) | 0.022 | (0.027) | 0.157 | (0.027) | 0.14*** | − 3.461 | 3.187 |
Child’s age (in months; w5) | 50.04 | (0.057) | 50.04 | (0.056) | − 0.03 | 46 | 55 |
Mother’s marital status (w5) | 1.84 | (0.016) | 1.86 | (0.015) | 0.03 | 1 | 3 |
Mother’s employment status (w5) | 0.71 | (0.017) | 0.73 | (0.017) | 0.01 | 0 | 1 |
Number of children under age 14 in household (w5) | 1.93 | (0.025) | 1.93 | (0.026) | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Mother–child interaction: sensitivity to non-distress (z-standardized; w3) | − 0.03 | (0.039) | 0.02 | (0.041) | 0.08 | − 3.593 | 1.576 |
Mother–child interaction: global stimulation (z-standardized; w3) | 0.02 | (0.041) | − 0.02 | (0.039) | − 0.02 | − 2.865 | 2.212 |
Mother–child interaction: emotionality (z-standardized; w3) | − 0.01 | (0.039) | − 0.01 | (0.040) | 0.01 | − 2.968 | 1.707 |
Vocabulary (sum score; w4) | 58.85 | (0.868) | 60.34 | (0.766) | 1.32 | 12 | 118 |
Mother–child interaction: literacy stimulation (z-standardized; w3) | − 0.01 | (0.040) | 0.01 | (0.038) | − 0.02 | − 3.097 | 2.099 |
Mother–child interaction: numerical stimulation (z-standardized; w3) | 0.020 | (0.040) | -0.03 | (0.038) | − 0.054 | − 0.715 | 4.247 |
Variables used to estimate outcome variable 2 | Boys (N = 1012) | Girls (N = 943) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother–child interaction: literacy stimulation (binary; w3) | 0.4 | (0.017) | 0.45 | (0.018) | 0.053* | 0 | 1 |
Mother–child interaction: numerical stimulation (binary; w3) | 0.4 | (0.017) | 0.38 | (0.018) | − 0.021 | 0 | 1 |
Child’s age (in months; w3) | 26.54 | (0.039) | 26.54 | (0.04) | 0 | 24 | 32 |
Mother’s marital status (w3) | 1.78 | (0.015) | 1.81 | (0.014) | 0.03 | 1 | 3 |
Mother’s employment status (w3) | 0.66 | (0.015) | 0.66 | (0.016) | 0.007 | 0 | 1 |
Number of persons under age 14 in household (w3) | 1.67 | (0.022) | 1.71 | (0.025) | 0.04 | 1 | 4 |
Mother–child interaction: child’s mood in interaction (w3) | 3.20 | (0.028) | 3.28 | (0.029) | 0.078* | 1 | 5 |
Variables used to estimate both outcome variables | Boys (N = 1012) | Girls (N = 944) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child’s temperament: angry, when does not get what it wants (w3) | 4.66 | (0.038) | 4.62 | (0.040) | − 0.04 | 0 | 6 |
Child’s temperament: cries, when no attention (w3) | 2.99 | (0.059) | 3.20 | (0.059) | 0.22** | 0 | 6 |
Mother’s socioeconomic status (ISEI, z-standardized; w1) | − 0.03 | (0.032) | 0 | (0.034) | − 0.03 | − 2.502 | 1.550 |
Mother’s birth cohort (w1) | 2.73 | (0.028) | 2.72 | (0.031) | − 0.01 | 1 | 4 |
Mother’s educational aspirations (w4) | 3.82 | (0.014) | 3.86 | (0.013) | 0.04 | 2 | 4 |