Skip to main content

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Frequency of Occurrence of Bigrams in Incorrect and Correct Diagnoses

From: Who is on the right track? Behavior-based prediction of diagnostic success in a collaborative diagnostic reasoning simulation

Bigram

Frequency in strings

Weight

Total frequency of bigrams

Chi-Square test

Incorrect diagnoses

Correct

diagnoses

 

Incorrect

diagnoses

Correct

diagnoses

χ2

p

Dir

 

Raw

Wgt

Raw

Wgt

EG.EG

162

314

0.03

71,931

410.50

110,662

631.53

144.17

 < .001

 + 

EG EE

159

312

0.04

405

8.83

521

11.36

0.11

.735

 − 

EG ES

38

47

2.27

49

110.59

54

121.87

49.80

<.001

 − 

EG HS

14

21

3.04

18

54.56

29

87.91

31.62

 <.001

 + 

EG DC

156

309

0.06

230

9.63

376

15.74

6.44

.011

 + 

EE EG

82

81

1.79

113

200.39

83

147.19

766.49

 <.001

 − 

EE.EE

162

313

0.03

11,727

113.68

8801

85.32

403.93

 <.001

 − 

EE ES

151

283

0.17

360

57.84

464

74.55

0.67

.414

 − 

EE HS

48

60

2.06

73

149.57

77

157.76

101.46

 <.001

 − 

EE DC

9

3

3.33

9

29.93

3

9.98

410.76

 <.001

 − 

ES EG

70

82

1.63

87

141.08

97

157.29

56.34

 <.001

 − 

ES EE

54

39

2.22

74

163.26

54

119.14

633.63

 <.001

 − 

ES.ES

157

298

0.14

29,944

3588.27

39,799

4769.22

0.43

.514

 − 

ES HS

146

280

0.20

301

57.41

464

88.49

19.51

 <.001

 + 

ES DC

6

2

3.39

6

20.27

2

6.76

278.01

 <.001

 − 

HS EG

147

270

0.24

265

59.37

423

94.77

31.10

 <.001

 + 

HS EE

54

41

2.16

68

146.03

48

103.08

620.17

 <.001

 − 

HS ES

52

78

1.81

58

104.47

97

174.71

88.15

 <.001

 + 

HS.HS

159

311

0.06

14,990

537.64

23,578

845.66

257.95

 <.001

 + 

HS DC

1

4

3.37

1

3.36

4

13.45

89.06

 <.001

 + 

DC EG

46

60

2.12

83

174.87

85

179.08

149.63

 <.001

 − 

DC EE

10

4

3.34

11

36.68

4

13.34

462.98

 <.001

 − 

DC ES

1

2

3.26

1

3.25

2

6.50

9.10

.003

 + 

DC HS

0

2

3.10

0

0.00

2

6.19

114.52

 <.001

 + 

DC.DC

160

313

0.04

20,863

441.81

40,842

864.89

1203.06

 <.001

 + 

  1. Note. EG = Evidence generation, EE = Evidence elicitation, ES = Evidence sharing. HS = Hypothesis sharing, DC = Drawing conclusions. Higher Chi-Square values indicate more discriminative bigrams. Dir. = Direction of the difference in the occurrence of bigrams between learners who diagnosed the case correctly and those who diagnosed the case incorrectly, “ + ” represents a more frequent occurrence of the bigram in the strings of learners who correctly diagnosed the case, “ − ” represents a more frequent occurrence of the bigram in the strings of learners who incorrectly diagnosed the case