Implementing ICT in classroom practice: what else matters besides the ICT infrastructure?

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 The scales used in the study to test the Four in Balance model

Scale	Number of items	Cronbach’s alpha	Mean	Standard deviation
Dependent variable
Teachers’ use of ICT for teaching practices	8	0.83	45.54	9.38
ICT infrastructure
ICT resources in the school	7	0.83	53.72	8.68
Digital learning materials
Use of digital learning tools	10	0.78	44.41	8.58
Use of utility software	4	0.64	46.40	9.46
Expertise
Teachers’ ICT self-efficacy	9	0.74	47.56	8.71
Vision
Positive views about using ICT in teaching and learning	7	0.80	44.69	8.60
Collaboration and leadership
Collaboration between teachers in using ICT	5	0.85	48.26	10.00
Participation in reciprocal PD learning related to ICT	4	0.72	47.90	9.41

N = 420 teachers; alternative weighting approach; the scales were built by ICILS as IRT WLE scores (Fraillon et al., 2020a) with M = 50, STD = 10