An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 4 Contextual continuous variables by gender, TIMSS 2019
Grade 4 | Grade 8 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | d | Male | Female | d | |||||||||
m | SD | m | SD | m | SD | m | SD | |||||||
Student-level variables | ||||||||||||||
Home resources for learning (grade 4)/Home educational resources (grade 8) | 9.3 | 1.41 | 9.5 | 1.34 | 0.109 | 9.4 | 1.59 | 9.5 | 1.51 | 0.058 | ||||
Literacy and numeracy readiness for school | 10.1 | 2.01 | 10.5 | 1.91 | 0.235*** | |||||||||
Student likes learning mathematics | 10.3 | 2.03 | 11.3 | 1.88 | 0.501*** | 10.3 | 1.97 | 10.0 | 2.08 | 0.143** | ||||
Student likes learning science | 10.0 | 2.33 | 11.3 | 2.15 | 0.575*** | 10.4 | 2.09 | 10.7 | 2.15 | 0.146* | ||||
Student confident in mathematics | 10.1 | 2.08 | 11.1 | 2.17 | 0.470*** | 10.5 | 1.88 | 10.5 | 2.01 | 0.010 | ||||
Student confident in science | 10.0 | 2.01 | 11.0 | 2.05 | 0.517*** | 10.5 | 1.92 | 10.9 | 2.02 | 0.223*** | ||||
Student sense of school belonging | 10.0 | 2.33 | 11.1 | 2.01 | 0.533*** | 10.2 | 2.09 | 10.3 | 1.92 | 0.075 | ||||
Bullying | 8.9 | 2.25 | 10.2 | 2.14 | 0.619*** | 9.8 | 2.35 | 10.6 | 1.97 | 0.360*** | ||||
Class/school-level variables | ||||||||||||||
School mean of home resources for learning (grade 4)/School mean of home educational resources (grade 8) | 9.2 | 0.83 | 9.5 | 0.68 | 0.409** | 9.4 | 0.69 | 9.5 | 0.67 | 0.132 | ||||
Safe and orderly schools (mathematics teacher) | 10.8 | 1.83 | 11.9 | 1.71 | 0.644*** | 11.2 | 1.96 | 11.9 | 1.92 | 0.376* | ||||
Safe and orderly schools (science teacher) | 10.9 | 2.10 | 11.7 | 1.95 | 0.390* | 10.9 | 1.88 | 11.7 | 2.11 | 0.410** | ||||
School emphasis on academic success | 10.8 | 2.12 | 11.8 | 2.14 | 0.446** | 10.8 | 1.89 | 11.5 | 2.03 | 0.337* | ||||
School discipline | 9.5 | 2.40 | 10.6 | 2.15 | 0.443* | 10.0 | 2.68 | 11.6 | 2.37 | 0.616** | ||||
Teacher years of experience (mathematics teacher) | 15.9 | 8.43 | 14.4 | 7.70 | 0.183 | 10.6 | 7.29 | 12.2 | 7.27 | 0.216 | ||||
Teacher years of experience (science teacher) | 15.3 | 9.36 | 12.8 | 7.86 | 0.295 | 13.1 | 7.43 | 12.6 | 7.53 | 0.066 | ||||
Teacher job satisfaction (mathematics teacher) | 10.6 | 1.36 | 11.2 | 0.87 | 0.569*** | 10.7 | 1.50 | 11.3 | 0.74 | 0.465** | ||||
Teacher job satisfaction (science teacher) | 10.6 | 1.50 | 11.3 | 0.88 | 0.553*** | 10.5 | 1.65 | 11.5 | 0.64 | 0.783*** | ||||
Principal years of experience | 9.9 | 6.65 | 8.6 | 7.09 | 0.185 | 9.4 | 7.56 | 8.6 | 8.30 | 0.102 | ||||