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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Correlation matrix between all latent variables

From: Trend analyses of TIMSS 2015 and 2019: school factors related to declining performance in mathematics

 

Self-concept

Interest-enjoyment

Utility

Safe

Bullying

Well-being

School emphasis

Interest-enjoyment

0.45* (0.65)

      

Utility

0.17* (0.35)

0.29* (0.57)

     

Safe

0.01* (0.05)

0.01* (0.05)

0.00 (0.04)

    

Bullying

0.08* (0.21)

0.07* (0.17)

0.03* (0.11)

0.01* (0.13)

   

Well-being

0.13* (0.26)

0.22* (0.43)

0.13* (0.36)

0.01* (0.15)

0.13* (0.45)

  

School emphasis

0.01* (0.09)

0.01* (0.07)

0.01* (0.06)

0.02* (0.53)

0.01* (0.11)

0.02* (0.14)

 

SES

0.14* (0.28)

0.10* (0.18)

0.07* (0.20)

0.01* (0.08)

0.02* (0.07)

0.03* (0.08)

0.03* (0.22)

  1. Standardized coefficients are in brackets. *p < 0.05