Table 4 Standardised estimation of the relationship among student's academic self-concept, SES and reading achievement at individual and school levels

PISA 2000

 Student-Level

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

 SCACAD on READ

.40

26.05

.41

28.49

.44

27.20

.39

24.95

.14

7.93

-

-

 SCACAD on ESCS

.13

8.16

.14

10.35

.17

10.57

.12

7.47

.05

2.89

-

-

 READ on ESCS

.32

19.17

.24

17.04

.26

15.96

.25

15.76

.08

4.50

-

-

School-Level

 SCACAD_B on READB

.78

2.36

.72

4.39

.26

1.19

− .66

− 1.38

− .06

− .32

-

-

 SCACAD_B on ESCSB

− .19

− .55

.27

1.65

.54

2.75

.62

1.30

.65

4.15

-

-

 READB on ESCSB

.82

17.69

.44

3.64

.62

7.84

.84

16.49

.67

8.26

-

-

PISA 2018

 Student-Level

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

Est

z

 SCREADCOMP on READ

.37

28.37

.40

27.88

.38

26.78

.34

23.31

.22

15.54

.14

10.86

 SCREADCOMP on ESCS

.08

6.13

.07

4.87

.13

8.54

.09

6.11

.11

8.03

.18

19.75

 READ on ESCS

.24

16.57

.27

17.50

.24

16.29

.24

14.99

.02

1.29

.11

9.30

 School-Level

 SCREADCOMP_B on READB

.26

1.04

.47

2.32

.18

.85

− .20

− .45

.33

2.56

− .16

− 2.40

 SCREADCOMP_B on ESCSB

− .16

− .63

.42

1.91

.44

1.99

.58

1.24

.52

4.11

.88

14.70

 READB on ESCSB

.84

27.81

.70

10.40

.58

7.60

.81

19.23

.62

10.43

.71

26.98