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Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Fig. 1 | Large-scale Assessments in Education

Fig. 1

From: Assessing the evidence for the comparability of socioeconomic status between students with and without immigrant background in Norway and Sweden

Fig. 1

Constrained baseline approach for DIF detection: a the baseline model with two covariates, 2ndGEN and 1stGEN (second-generation and first-generation immigrant student group variables); b the augmented model to test for uniform (threshold) DIF in the HOMEPOS items; c the augmented model to test for non-uniform (loading and threshold) DIF with two additional variables “HOMEPOS × 2ndGEN” and “HOMEPOS × 1stGEN” that represent the interactions between the latent variable HOMEPOS and two covariates

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