An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | Step 4 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R 2 | student-level (%) | 15.9 | 46.4 | 45.0 | 41.8 | ||
school-level (%) | Â | Â | Â | 36.4 | |||
Threshold ( SE ) | 2.31 (0.09) | 3.28 (0.29) | 3.32 (0.23) | 3.25 (0.22) | |||
Student-level variables (reference category) | β ( SE ) | β  ( SE ) | β  ( SE ) | β ( SE ) | OR | ||
Student sex (male) | − 0.24 (0.08)** | − 0.04 (0.11) |  |  |  | ||
Family economic, social and cultural status | 0.38 (0.04)*** | 0.23 (0.05)*** | 0.25 (0.05)*** | 0.22 (0.05)*** | 1.87 | ||
Student mathematics anxiety |  | − 0.25 (0.07)*** | − 0.22 (0.05)*** | − 0.23 (0.05)*** | 0.53 | ||
Student attributions to failure in mathematics | Â | 0.02 (0.05) | Â | Â | Â | ||
Student instrumental motivation in mathematics | Â | 0.01 (0.06) | Â | Â | Â | ||
Student interest in mathematics |  | − 0.12 (0.07) |  |  |  | ||
Student mathematics behaviour |  | − 0.04 (0.07) |  |  |  | ||
Student mathematics self-efficacy | Â | 0.30 (0.06)*** | 0.30 (0.06)*** | 0.32 (0.06)*** | 2.22 | ||
Student mathematics intentions |  | − 0.01 (0.06) |  |  |  | ||
Student mathematics work ethic |  | − 0.10 (0.07) |  |  |  | ||
Student openness for problem-solving | Â | 0.21 (0.07)** | 0.17 (0.06)** | 0.17 (0.06)** | 1.55 | ||
Student perseverance |  | − 0.02 (0.05) |  |  |  | ||
Student mathematics self-concept | Â | 0.14 (0.09) | Â | Â | Â | ||
Disciplinary climate in mathematics classes | Â | Â | 0.08 (0.06) | Â | Â | ||
ICT availability at school |  |  | − 0.08 (0.05) |  |  | ||
School-level variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
School mean of family economic, social and cultural status |  |  |  | − 0.16 (0.26) |  | ||
School size | Â | Â | Â | 0.27 (0.26) | Â | ||
Student-related factors affecting school climate | Â | Â | Â | 0.37 (0.42) | Â | ||
Shortage of educational staff in the school |  |  |  | − 0.09 (0.26) |  | ||
Fit statistics | Loglikelihood (H0) | -1455.30 | -349.19 | -359.24 | -337.36 | ||
AIC | 2918.59 | 728.39 | 734.49 | 694.72 | |||
BIC | 2944.64 | 809.00 | 777.64 | 747.83 |