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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Comparison of fit indices in models fitted to PISA data

From: A primer on continuous-time modeling in educational research: an exemplary application of a continuous-time latent curve model with structured residuals (CT-LCM-SR) to PISA Data

Models

Number Est. Parameters

Deviance

AIC

BIC

Fixed effects models

 GCM (FI-FG)

3

3715.1

3721.1

3733.1

 CT-AR(1) model (FI)

4

3043.7

3051.7

3067.6

 CT-LCM-SR (FI-FG)

5

3009.9

3019.9

3039.8

Random effects models

 GCM (RI-RG)

5

3007.8

3019.8

3043.6

 CT-AR(1) model (RI)

6

3005.0

3015.0

3034.8

 CT-LCM-SR (RI-RG)a

8

2984.9

3000.9

3032.6

  1. AIC Akaike information criterion, BIC Bayesian information criterion, FI fixed intercept, FG fixed growth parameter, RI random intercept, RG random growth parameter. The CT-AR(1) has just intercepts, but no growth parameters
  2. aDetails on this model are provided in Table 3