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Table 6 The effects of supportive climate variables, student background and school characteristics on science achievement within nordic countries in multi-level regression model
Denmark | Finland | Iceland | Norway | Sweden | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 5 without control variables | Model 6 with control variables | Model 5 without control variables | Model 6 with control variables | Model 5 without control variables | Model 6 with control variables | Model 5 without control variables | Model 6 with control variables | Model 5 without control variables | Model 6 with control variables | |
Intercept estimate (S.E.) | 14.38*** (1.46) | 13.77*** (1.68) | 16.52*** (2.51) | 18.58*** (2.76) | 23.05** (3.26) | 21.76*** (2.95) | 17.80*** (1.72) | 15.92*** (1.74) | 10.38*** (0.97) | 10.27*** (0.94) |
B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | B (S.E.) | |
Student level predictors | ||||||||||
TEACHSUP | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.06*** (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.02** (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) |
FAIR | 0.22*** (0.02) | 0.22*** (0.02) | 0.24*** (0.02) | 0.21*** (0.02) | 0.18*** (0.03) | 0.18*** (0.02) | 0.17*** (0.02) | 0.18*** (0.02) | 0.21*** (0.02) | 0.20*** (0.02) |
PERFEED | − 0.10*** (0.02) | − 0.12*** (0.02) | − 0.15*** (0.01) | − 0.13*** (0.01) | − 0.15*** (0.02) | − 0.13*** (0.02) | − 0.11** (0.02) | − 0.10*** (0.02) | − 0.13*** (0.02) | − 0.11*** (0.02) |
DISCLISCI | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.05** (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | − 0.00 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) |
GENDER | 0.13*** (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.08** (0.02) | 0.12*** (0.02) | 0.11*** (0.02) | |||||
IMMIG2 | 0.09** (0.02) | 0.09*** (0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.01) | 0.11*** (0.02) | |||||
IMMIG1 | 0.05** (0.02) | 0.12*** (0.02) | 0.11*** (0.02) | 0.11*** (0.02) | 0.18*** (0.02) | |||||
ESCS | 0.13*** (0.02) | 0.16*** (0.02) | 0.12*** (0.02) | 0.14*** (0.02) | 0.12*** (0.02) | |||||
EDUASPIR | 0.30*** (0.02) | 0.24*** (0.02) | 0.25*** (0.02) | 0.26*** (0.02) | 0.33*** (0.02) | |||||
School level predictors | ||||||||||
M_TEACHSUP | 0.34** (0.14) | 0.36* (0.14) | 0.09 (0.13) | 0.09 (0.14) | 0.12 (0.16) | 0.21 (0.16) | 0.27 (0.18) | 0.33* (0.16) | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.05 (0.13) |
M_FAIR | 0.09 (0.08) | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.15) | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.02 (0.20) | 0.24* (0.12) | 0.22 (0.12) | 0.25* (0.11) | 0.21 (0.12) |
M_PERFEED | − 0.50*** (0.11) | − 0.51*** (0.12) | − 0.13 (0.13) | − 0.14 (0.14) | − 0.41** (0.14) | − 0.43** (0.14) | − 0.19 (0.12) | − 0.15 (0.12) | − 0.57*** (0.13) | − 0.45*** (0.11) |
M_DISCLISCI | 0.05 (0.14) | 0.07 (0.12) | 0.40** (0.15) | 0.28* (0.14) | 0.36* (0.14) | 0.29* (0.14) | 0.30* (0.15) | 0.27 (0.16) | 0.57*** (0.13) | 0.58*** (0.14) |
STUBEHA | − 0.25** (0.08) | − 0.10 (0.08) | − 0.07 (0.13) | − 0.20 (0.11) | − 0.9 (0.07) | |||||
STRATIO | 0.09 (0.09) | − 0.09 (0.11) | − 0.25 (0.15) | 0.04 (0.11) | 0.30*** (0.07) | |||||
SCHLTYPE | − 0.04 (0.06) | − 0.15 (0.11) | 0.12 (0.07) | − 0.00 (0.10) | − 0.02 (0.07) | |||||
EDUSHORT | − 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01n.s. (0.09) | − 0.15* (0.07) | − 0.07 (0.11) | 0.04 (0.07) | |||||
Level-1 variance explained (R2) | 6.9% | 22.9% | 10% | 22.3% | 6.1% | 17.8% | 4.6% | 17.7% | 6% | 24.9% |
Level-2 variance explained (R2) | 36.3% | 50.4% | 44.7% | 33.9% | 32% | 36.7% | 34.7 | 42.1% | 65% | 69.1% |
Level-1 units | 6073 | 4494 | 5381 | 5123 | 2967 | 2698 | 5017 | 3907 | 4845 | 4463 |
Level-2 units | 326 | 246 | 162 | 155 | 124 | 114 | 228 | 177 | 200 | 190 |
ICC values | 0.154 | 0.163 | 0.120 | 0.094 | 0.052 | 0.061 | 0.090 | 0.117 | 0.229 | 0.238 |