Table 3 Standardized regression coefficients for relations between student. family and school-related characteristics and the math achievement in terms of location of the school

Urban

 Student-related

  Constant

160,75

23,55

269,46

23,15

209,70

36,08

  Gender

5.56

2.5

4.87

2.46

0.03*

4.37

2.47

0.03

  Often speak language of test at home

5.56

3.45

3.99

3

0.03

5.14

2.88

0.04

  About how often absent from school

− 13.1

2.41

− 12.05

2.28

− 0.13*

− 11.84

2.24

− 0.13*

  Student attended preschool

14.24

2.55

1.86

2.37

0.02

0

2.45

0

  Early numeracy tasks

6.57

0.86

4.53

0.8

0.11*

4.38

0.79

0.11*

  Students sense of school belonging

2.63

1.25

2.47

1.04

0.05*

2.16

0.99

0.05*

  Student bullying

− 2.26

0.9

− 2

0.91

− 0.05*

− 2.01

0.89

− 0.05*

  Students like learning math

3.35

1.53

1.18

1.43

0.02

0.77

1.35

0.01

  Engaging teaching in math lessons

1.36

1.24

0.4

1.18

0.01

0.01

1.1

0

  Students confident in math

15.6

1.09

13.05

1.01

0.32*

12.88

1.02

0.32*

 Family-related

  Parents’ highest education level

16.69

1.64

0.28*

13.14

1.82

0.22*

  Parents’ highest occupation level

3.53

1.01

0.06*

2.96

0.92

0.05*

  Early numeric activities before school

4.64

1.13

0.11*

4.41

1.1

0.10*

  Parents perceptions of school perf

− 0.36

0.92

− 0.01

− 1.26

0.86

− 0.03

  Parent attitude towards math and science

− 1.01

1.08

− 0.02

− 0.07

1.03

0

 School-related

  School emphasize on academic success

3.09

1.4

0.07*

  Instruction affluent by math resource

0.58

1.7

0.01

  School discipline problems

− 3.97

1.46

− 0.10*

  School composition by students background

− 7.02

3.81

− 0.07

 Adjusted R²

0.41

0.44

 ΔR²

0.1

0.04

 F

107,99

77,44

23,03

Suburban

 Student-related

  Constant

44.28

42.22

169.17

33.95

83.42

71.72

  Gender

1.27

5.37

0.06

4.48

0

− 1.67

4.59

− 0.01

  Often speak language of test at home

3.45

4.91

2.62

4.27

0.02

2.15

3.89

0.02

  About how often absent from school

− 21.52

3.42

− 17.61

− 2.82

− 0.19*

− 18.66

− 3.33

− 0.20*

  Student attended preschool

2.27

4.41

− 4.28

2.63

− 0.04

− 2.61

2.72

− 0.02

  Early numeracy tasks

9.47

1.58

4.66

1.55

0.11*

4.68

1.57

0.11*

  Students sense of school belonging

1.96

1.85

1.08

1.73

0.02

0.32

1.65

0.01

  Student bullying

− 5.16

1.99

− 5.23

− 1.59

− 0.11*

− 4.43

1.57

− 0.09*

  Students like learning math

− 2.13

3.58

1.86

2.68

0.03

1.8

2.67

0.03

  Engaging teaching in math lessons

6.24

1.98

3.6

1.64

0.07*

3.35

1.82

0.06

  Students confident in math

15.59

1.74

12.3

1.49

0.25*

12.37

1.47

0.25*

 Family-related

  Parents’ highest education level

21.56

2.43

0.29*

20.1

3.18

0.27*

  Parents’ highest occupation level

5.39

2.36

0.07*

5.13

2.32

0.07*

  Early numeric activities before school

7.03

1.48

0.17*

6.08

1.6

0.15*

  Parents perceptions of school perf

0.34

1.61

0.01

− 0.52

1.66

− 0.01

  Parent attitude towards math and science

0.44

1.42

0.01

0.91

1.35

0.02

 School-related

  School emphasize on academic success

9.34

3.51

0.16*

  Instruction affluent by math resource

− 0.36

5.44

0

  School discipline problems

− 1.49

2.56

− 0.03

  School composition by students background

6.59

11.5

0.03

 Adjusted R²

0.49

0.51

 ΔR²

0.12

0.02

 F

50.48

7.26

Medium-size city

 Student-related

  Constant

107.53

33.04

235.57

37.84

222.45

45.3

  Gender

8.99

3.08

8.25

3.43

0.05*

8.37

3.35

0.05*

  Often speak language of test at home

4.6

3.8

3.64

3.03

− 0.03

2.06

3

0.02

  About how often absent from school

− 8.69

2.96

− 7.66

2.61

− 0.07*

− 8.28

2.65

− 0.08*

  Student attended preschool

15.35

3.97

1.71

2.08

0.02

0.49

1.76

0

  Early numeracy tasks

7.17

1.66

3.94

1.25

0.10*

3.45

1.2

0.09*

  Students sense of school belonging

3.58

1.77

3.41

1.46

0.07*

3.26

1.49

0.07*

  Student bullying

− 1.85

1.2

− 1.59

1.23

− 0.04

− 1.6

1.12

− 0.04

  Students like learning math

0.94

1.99

2.04

1.52

0.03

2.1

1.33

0.04

  Engaging teaching in math lessons

4.47

2.51

2.36

2.06

0.05

1.67

1.93

0.03

  Students confident in math

15.42

1.33

12.57

1.16

0.30*

12.41

1.17

0.29*

 Family-related

  Parents’ highest education level

20.59

2.07

0.32*

18.5

2.08

0.29*

  Parents’ highest occupation level

5.32

1.84

0.09*

4.26

1.55

0.07*

  Early numeric activities before school

3.8

1.49

0.09*

3.99

1.28

0.10*

  Parents perceptions of school perf

1.98

1.33

0.04

1.76

1.39

0.03

  Parent attitude towards math and science

− 0.45

1.38

− 0.01

− 0.23

1.28

0

 School-related

  School emphasize on academic success

3.18

1.69

0.07

  Instruction affluent by math resource

1.34

2.34

0.02

  School discipline problems

− 0.39

1.59

− 0.01

  School composition by students background

13.69

5.48

0.12*

 Adjusted R²

0.46

0.48

 ΔR²

0.12

0.02

 F

69.59

15.31

Village

 Student-related

  Constant

50.59

52.63

150.54

55.51

− 32.07

100.76

  Gender

− 5.77

6.96

− 7.36

6.65

− 0.04

− 5.93

6.61

− 0.03

  Often speak language of test at home

32.56

5.85

28.78

5.25

0.26*

18.65

5.69

0.17*

  About how often absent from school

− 11.25

3.58

− 8.67

3.22

− 0.09*

− 10.92

3.39

− 0.11*

  Student attended preschool

4.57

3.87

0.97

4.45

0.01

0.08

4.4

0

  Early numeracy tasks

10.67

1.76

7.19

2.06

0.16*

6.65

1.98

0.15*

  Students sense of school belonging

3.46

2.65

3.83

2.51

0.07

5.13

2.38

0.10*

  Student bullying

− 1.55

1.87

− 1.65

1.71

− 0.03

− 0.02

1.76

0

  Students like learning math

5.42

3.35

4.7

3

0.07

5.76

2.78

0.09*

  Engaging teaching in math lessons

2.52

2.61

1.68

2.53

0.03

0.45

2.3

0.01

  Students confident in math

15.12

2.28

14.09

2.22

0.27*

14.05

2.32

0.27*

 Family-related

  Parents’ highest education level

15.56

3.82

0.15*

13.91

3.73

0.13*

  Parents’ highest occupation level

6.97

3.61

0.08

8.24

3.57

0.09*

  Early numeric activities before school

5.57

2.03

0.12*

5.29

1.94

0.11*

  Parents perceptions of school perf

− 1.71

2.21

− 0.03

− 2.82

2.33

− 0.05

  Parent attitude towards math and science

3.33

2.57

0.06

3.57

2.44

0.07

 School-related

  School emphasize on academic success

17.49

7.83

0.23*

  Instruction affluent by math resource

1.31

3.18

0.02

  School discipline problems

− 1.29

3.42

− 0.03

  School composition by students background

14.34

9.91

0.11*

 Adjusted R²

0.48

0.52

 ΔR²

0.05

0.04

 F

10.85

28.01