The achievement gap in reading competence: the effect of measurement non-invariance across school types

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Number of students per school type and per measurement occasion (N = 7276)

Type of school	N (%) tested overall	N (%) tested at all timepoints	N (%) tested grade 5	N (%) tested grade 7	N (%) tested grade 9
High school	3224 (44.31)	1457 (51.01)	2302 (47.12)	2909 (47.06)	2112 (46.18)
Refreshment sample				835	542
Tested in home context				176	706
Temporary attrition				176	586
Final attrition				22	142
Middle sec. school	1721 (23.65)	688 (24.12)	1114 (22.80)	1474 (23.84)	1096 (23.97)
Refreshment sample				554	340
Tested in home context				163	426
Temporary attrition				130	301
Final attrition				14	118
Lower sec. school	1015 (13.95)	293 (10.27)	698 (14.29)	706 (11.42)	501 (10.96)
Refreshment sample				278	164
Tested in home context				242	393
Temporary attrition				206	353
Final attrition				1	51
Schools offering all tracks of sec. education (except high school)	870 (11.96)	230 (8.06)	487 (9.97)	685 (11.08)	551 (12.05)
Refreshment sample				352	287
Tested in home context				146	206
Temporary attrition				98	189
Final attrition				1	40
Comprehensive school	446 (6.13)	184 (6.45)	284 (5.81)	408 (6.59)	313 (6.84)
Refreshment sample				123	98
Tested in home context				23	66
Temporary attrition				24	74
Final attrition				2	25

Absolute numbers are presented with percentages in parentheses. The percentages are to be read column wise