Investigating the associations of early numeracy activities and skills with mathematics dispositions, engagement, and achievement among fourth graders in the United Arab Emirates

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

	M	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
Gender	0.48	0.50	0.067	− 1.996
Immigration status	0.60	0.49	− 0.390	− 1.848
Language of test spoken at home	2.94	1.02	− 0.237	− 1.422
Home resources for learning	10.11	1.53	0.111	1.140
Parental attitude toward math and science	10.37	1.91	− 0.270	− 0.816
Students like learning math	10.32	1.74	− 0.225	− 0.379
Students confident in math	10.00	1.80	0.883	0.503
Students engaged in math lessons	10.12	2.07	− 0.230	− 0.600
Early numeracy activities	10.19	2.04	− 0.003	− 0.048
Could do early numeracy tasks	10.42	1.96	− 0.270	− 0.816
Math achievement	464.58	108.00	− 0.019	− 0.463