Immigrant optimism or immigrant pragmatism? Linguistic capital, orientation towards science and occupational expectations of adolescent immigrants

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Occupational expectations of non-immigrants and immigrants with differing linguistic capitals: average ISEI occupational status scores ranging from 16 to 90

	Non-migrants	S.E	N	Migrants speak different language home & school	S.E	N	Migrants speak same language home & school	S.E	N
Australia	61.7	0.27	11,590	70.1	0.74	1144	68.1	0.53	1796
Austria	59.5	0.60	5669	61.2	1.12	988	65.2	1.46	350
Belgium	61.0	1.01	3129	64.7	1.58	393	65.8	1.62	454
Canada	64.8	0.40	15,653	74.1	0.47	2358	73.6	0.43	2047
Denmark	64.1	0.53	5398	69.4	1.59	898	71.9	0.96	865
France	59.3	0.48	5309	61.3	1.38	332	64.2	1.21	467
Germany	56.7	0.51	5354	57.9	1.17	630	60.6	1.48	520
Great Britain	65.6	0.37	12,331	70.5	1.02	753	72.2	0.92	1073
Greece	66.8	0.62	4988	56.6	1.74	195	63.5	1.39	349
Ireland	64.7	0.42	4949	71.4	1.01	395	70.7	1.03	397
Israel	69.9	0.32	5470	67.8	1.05	481	69.8	0.97	647
Luxembourg	63.0	0.42	2549	58.0	0.46	2101	68.6	0.9	649
Netherlands	58.4	0.36	4785	64.7	1.42	292	66.7	1.53	308
New Zealand	62.2	0.42	3306	69.8	0.93	509	69.5	0.93	705
Norway	63.0	0.46	4766	69.7	1.21	383	66.3	1.24	307
Spain	66.2	0.33	6029	66.8	1.21	371	69.0	1.24	336
Sweden	59.7	0.50	4510	67.5	1.03	654	68.1	1.44	294
Switzerland	58.5	0.60	4024	57.3	0.82	1117	60.6	1	719
United States	67.2	0.37	4361	69.5	0.63	911	70.7	0.93	441

PISA 2015. Means in bold are significantly different from means for non-migrant students at p = 0.05, S.E. denotes standard error. Descriptive statistics for other PISA 2015 variables are in Additional file 1: Appendix S1 and their equivalents for 2006 are in Additional file 1: Appendix S2