Table 4 Random effects models: Bringing interactions in

ITLANG

40.42\({ }^{***}\)

4.27

(4.02)

(13.65)

Trust in classical media (Completely = ref)

 TRUST_C (Quite a lot)

12.56\({ }^{**}\)

− 5.23

(5.37)

(12.97)

 TRUST_C (A little)

11.52\({ }^{**}\)

4.20

(5.52)

(12.81)

 TRUST_C (Not at all)

0.32

8.07

(6.98)

(14.05)

Trust in social media (Completely=ref)

 TRUST_SM (Quite a lot)

10.26\({ }^{*}\)

− 6.46

(5.45)

(9.53)

 TRUST_SM (A little)

16.38\({ }^{***}\)

− 1.97

(5.45)

(9.15)

 TRUST_SM (Not at all)

16.38\({ }^{***}\)

− 10.66

Influence of the religion in the society

(6.24)

(11.09)

 RELINF

− 23.25\({ }^{***}\)

− 18.38\({ }^{***}\)

(1.21)

(2.28)

Interactions with ITLANG

 Interaction 1 classical media (Completely = ref)

  TRUST_SM (Quite a lot)

20.62

(14.24)

  TRUST_SM (A little)

7.18

14.20

  TRUST_SM (Not at all)

− 20.17

(16.40)

 Interaction 2 with social media (Completely = ref)

  TRUST_SM (Quite a lot)

27.59\({ }^{**}\)

(11.64)

  TRUST_SM (A little)

29.52\({ }^{***}\)

(11.27)

  TRUST_SM (Not at all)

43.01\({ }^{***}\)

(13.43)

 Interaction 3 with influence of religion (RELINF)

− 6.73\({ }^{**}\)

(2.67)

Controls

  Student characteristics

Yes

Yes

  Student involvement

Yes

Yes

  OPDISC and ITLANG

Yes

Yes

  Observations

2,857

2,857