Table 4 Standardized and unstandardized effects of ICT resources, use, and attitudes on digitally assessed reading performance

Student background

 Gender (ref: girls)

− 21.45

3.33

− .11

− 22.05

4.57

− .11

− 20.29

4.51

− .10

ESCS

43.81

3.13

.34

49.02

3.79

.38

43.88

3.76

.34

ICT resources

− 14.31

2.45

− .12

−  5.41

3.97

− .03

 Quadratic

–

–

–

−  3.88

1.60

− .07

ICT use

 At school in general

− 13.16

3.76

− .09

− 5.57

4.23

− .04

  Quadratic

–

–

–

− 7.30

1.78

− .11

 Outside school for schoolwork

4.82

3.76

.03

5.64

3.55

.04

  Quadratic

–

–

–

− 7.29

1.37

− .12

 Outside school for leisure

− 11.39

2.93

− .08

− 7.20

3.28

− .05

  Quadratic

–

–

–

.73

1.10

.01

ICT attitudes

 Interest

11.04

2.39

.10

14.85

2.38

.13

  Quadratic

–

–

–

−  7.91

1.18

− .12

 Perceived competence

1.27

3.20

.01

.98

3.03

.01

  Quadratic

–

–

–

3.21

2.28

.04

 Perceived autonomy

9.50

3.11

.08

10.19

2.93

.09

  Quadratic

–

–

–

− 3.48

1.86

− .04

R²

.13

.02

.17

.02

.22

.02