Does early tracking affect learning inequalities? Revisiting difference-in-differences modeling strategies with international assessments

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Country-level absolute measures of inequality and rankings

Standard deviations in parenthesis. Rank: 1 = smallest, N = largest
Under the heading F-gap1 and F-gap2 we report results relative to the effect of tracking on the difference between tertiary educated parents with the largest number of books and no tertiary educated parents with the lowest number of books: F-gap = [ln(500) × \(c_{1}\) + \(c_{2}\)] − ln(5) × \(c_{1}\)