Socioeconomic status and beyond: a multilevel analysis of TIMSS mathematics achievement given student and school context in Turkey

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of the sample at the student and school levels

	N	M	SD	Median	Min	Max	Skewness	Kurtosis
Student Level (level-1)
Mat1	6051	486.04	93.76	494.97	114.44	770.91	− 0.45	0.10
Mat2	6051	485.30	94.54	493.99	116.41	766.78	− 0.46	0.14
Mat3	6051	486.12	94.27	494.77	72.05	773.45	− 0.48	0.17
Mat4	6051	485.24	94.85	492.90	86.22	868.08	− 0.44	0.19
Mat5	6051	485.79	94.86	494.82	84.73	784.46	− 0.44	0.14
Ses	6051	8.46	1.98	8.39	3.69	15.04	− 0.14	0.38
Engage	6051	10.68	1.77	10.40	2.29	12.75	− 0.36	− 0.55
Litnum	6051	9.04	2.28	9.15	1.52	15.30	− 0.50	1.73
Liking	6051	11.30	1.51	11.44	4.41	12.66	− 0.88	0.28
Preschool	6051	.71	.45		0	1
School Level (level-2)
M_pvmat1	242	480.89	61.18	491.35	283.11	609.52	− 0.74	0.56
M_pvmat2	242	480.40	61.85	490.58	271.29	614.97	− 0.68	0.49
M_pvmat3	242	481.08	62.73	488.61	276.84	611.05	− 0.73	0.68
M_pvmat4	242	480.07	62.02	489.02	269.11	608.14	− 0.74	0.71
M_pvmat5	242	480.88	61.65	488.09	271.81	612.24	− 0.68	0.56
M_ses	242	8.32	1.41	8.29	4.90	12.72	0.20	− 0.01
Instruction	242	10.67	0.77	10.67	8.24	12.67	− 0.04	0.32
Readiness	242	9.10	1.31	9.35	3.82	13.54	− 1.07	2.28
Conditions	242	8.90	2.23	8.88	3.19	13.57	− 0.001	− 0.01
Emphasis	242	9.28	1.96	9.10	2.82	15.83	0.19	0.33
Safe	242	9.66	2.16	9.55	3.75	13.41	0.02	− 0.60