An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 6 Alternative measures of the “income/wealth” component of socio-economic status
From: The measure of socio-economic status in PISA: a review and some suggested improvements
Original measure (HOMEPOS) | Alternative 1 (HOMEPOS1) | Alternative (HOMEPOS2) | |
|---|---|---|---|
National item parameters (all countries) | Classic literature, books of poetry, national ST011 items | Classic literature, books of poetry | Classic literature, books of poetry, works of art, cars, rooms with a bath or shower, musical instruments, educational software |
National item parameters (select countries) | Educational software (JPN)a | Educational software (JPN)a | |
Supplementary items | National ST011 items | National ST011 items | |
Validity (country-level evidence) | |||
Pearson correlation between mean index and country GNI per capita | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.64 |
Pearson correlation between share of students below a low threshold and WB absolute poverty rate (% of the population living on less than $5.50 a day) | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.84 |
Student-level comparisons with original | |||
Number of non-missing observations | 468,671 | 468,783 | 468,169 |
Number of missing observations | 8181 | 8069 | 8683 |
OECD mean | − 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
OECD standard deviation | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Range (min; max) | − 9.5; 6.0 | − 8.8; 6.1 | − 24.1; 9.3 |
Correlation with original measure in database | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98 |
Country-level comparisons with original | |||
Country means | |||
Pearson correlation with original | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98 |
Spearman correlation with original | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.97 |
Mean absolute deviation with original | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.18 |
Max positive deviation and country | 0.00 | 0.24 (Indonesia) | 0.64 (Indonesia) |
Min negative deviation and country | 0.00 | − 0.06 (Qatar) | − 0.30 (United States) |
Relationship with science performance (R2) | |||
OECD average | 0.081 | 0.086 | 0.093 |
Pearson correlation with original | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
Spearman correlation with original | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
Mean absolute deviation with original | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Max positive deviation and country | 0.00 | 0.01 (Hungary) | 0.04 (France) |
Min negative deviation and country | 0.00 | − 0.01 (Belgium) | 0.00 (Spain) |
Relationship with science performance (beta) | |||
OECD average | 31.2 | 31.1 | 31.2 |
Pearson correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.96 |
Spearman correlation with original | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.95 |
Mean absolute deviation with original | 0.00 | 1.2 | 2.5 |
Max positive deviation and country | 0.00 | 2.5 (Indonesia) | 6.3 (Peru) |
Min negative deviation and country | 0.00 | − 3.3 (Belgium) | − 7.0 (Denmark) |